Вопрос № 1072255 - Английский язык

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Prevention of disease is a major concern of livestock raisers. Some diseases can 1_______ large numbers of livestock or be transmitted to people. The chief causes of livestock 2_______ include bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Livestock also can become ill if they consume 3_______ poisons or insecticides and certain other chemicals sprayed on grass and plants. 4_______ inherit sensitivity to some diseases.

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Among all the discoveries in nutrition during recent years, the most important have been those concerning the vitamins.
Through these investigations it has become possible to improve greatly the health of people and to prevent such diseases as rickets, sourvy and others.
These experiments have also had a great influence on livestock farming by increasing the efficiency of animals’ production and by preventing serious nutritional diseases.

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In spite of the swift progress in all branches of science and 1_______ agriculture remains the main source of providing the population with food. It supplies the necessary raw materials for the food and light industries which 2_______ large quantities of consumer goods and food products. Intensification of animal husbandry – better feeding and selection, introduction of the achievements of science and advanced 3_______, and greater mechanization – ensures a constant increase in the output of animal products. Specialization and concentration in animal husbandry is increasing, units for fattening of cattle, pigs and poultry are set up and large industrialized farms for the production of pork, 4_______, eggs, and milk have been established around cities.

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All crops require nutrients and water to grow. Soil supplies most of the nutrients. It also stores the water that the crops need. Crops differ, however, in the amount of nutrients and water they require for healthy growth. A farmer must therefore make sure that the soil and water resources meet the needs of each crop. A farmer must also plan measures to control pests, which could damage or ruin a crop. Most farmers plan their methods of soil and water management and of pest control well in advance of the growing season.
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What do all crops require to grow?

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Crops raised to supply food human beings are called food crops. Many food crops tend to spoil quickly, and so farmers ship these crops to market as soon as possible after harvesting. Food grains, however, can be stored for months on farms that have the proper facilities. Before grain is stored, it must be dried. Most farms that store large amounts of grain have grain-drying equipment and large storage bins.
Crops raised to supply feed for livestock are called feed crops. Hay, silage, soybeans, and such grains as corn and sorghum are the principal feed crops. Corn, wheat, and soybeans are used for both food and livestock feed. Hay must be kept dry until it is used, and so it is usually stored in barns. Unlike hay, silage must be kept moist. Most farmers store it in airtight structures called silos.
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What crops are used for both food and livestock feed?

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The foremost task of veterinary scientists and experts is the organization and carrying out of complex investigations on the problems which are of great importance for the development of animal husbandry. They also must help collective farms apply the achievements of science and advanced experience in their practical work. Veterinary service should pay particular attention to the organization of veterinary work on industrial livestock and poultry farms to prevent the spreading of infectious diseases. At present due to the tremendous labour of thousands of veterinary scientists and practitioners the veterinary-sanitary status of cattle-breeding has been improved, mortality has reduced, occurrence of infectious and non-infectious diseases has lowered.
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What must veterinary scientists and experts help collective farms?