Вопрос № 224053 - Английский язык

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The World Bank Group has had a significant positive effect on the flow of capital to the poorer countries of 1___________, both directly and indirectly, and knowledge of Third World problems 2____________ enormously. Still, the record of growth is spotty. In much of East Asia, per capita income is rising 3_________, but in Africa south of the Sahara, in South Asia, and in much of Latin America, the growth of per capita 4__________ has been discouragingly slow.

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The World Bank Group has had a significant positive effect on the flow of 1___________ to the poorer countries of the world, both directly and indirectly, and knowledge of Third World problems 2____________ enormously. Still, the record of growth is spotty. In much of East Asia, per capita income is rising 3_________, but in Africa south of the Sahara, in South Asia, and in much of Latin America, the growth of per capita 4__________ has been discouragingly slow.

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The purpose of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is to promote 1__________ monetary cooperation through a permanent institution that 2___________ the machinery for consultation and collaboration on international monetary problems. Specifically, the function of the IMF is to facilitate the expansion and balanced growth of international 3__________, to promote orderly and stable foreign currency exchange markets, and to contribute to balance of payments adjustment. To further these objectives, the IMF monitors members’ macroeconomic policies, makes 4__________ resources available to them in times of balance of payments difficulties, and provides them with technical assistance in a number of areas.

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Much of the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF’s) work is centered on annual consultations with each member 1_________ to ensure that its national policies in the area of economic growth, price stability, 2__________ conditions, and exchange rates 3__________ into account their consequences for the world economy and avoid unfair exchange policies. To ensure compliance with these basic tenets, the Fund is empowered to exercise firm surveillance over the 4___________ rate policies of member countries.

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Before people can 1_________ anything, they must do two things. First they must earn the income to buy the things they want. Then they must decide how the money will be spent.
Most of the 2________ comes from work. In return for working, people receive a wage or a salary. The term «wage» typically refers to the earnings of 3___________ paid by the hour or unit of production. «Salary» refers to earnings paid on a weekly or 4_________ basis. How much you earn will depend on the kind of job, the abilities, the performance, and a number of other factors.

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Wealth can be expressed as the value of the things you own. Adding the value of all your possessions, bank accounts, savings, and the like will give you the total amount of your wealth.
Used in certain ways, wealth can 1__________ income. If you owned a house, you might be able to let others use it for a fee. In that instance economists would say that you used your 2__________ to earn «rent». Wealth, in the form of money that is loaned to others or deposited in a savings account, will earn interest. As you can see, interest and rent are two 3_______ of income that can be earned by wealth. 4________ types of income are dividends and capital gains that can be generated from the wealth.