Вопрос № 911488 - Английский язык

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The field of engineering has its subject the prevention of accidents. Safety engineers develop methods and procedures to safeguard workers of hazardous occupations. They also assist in designing machinery, factories, ships, and roads, suggesting alternations and improvements to reduce accidents.

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Civil engineering deals with the design of large buildings, roads, bridges, dams, canals, railway lines, airports, tunnels and other constructions. A civil engineer must have a thorough knowledge of the properties and mechanics of construction materials, the mechanics of structures and soils and of hydraulics. Among the main subdivisions in this field are construction engineering, transports engineering and hydraulic engineering.

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The Arabic system of numerical notation is used in most parts of the world today. This system was first developed in India in the 3rd century BC. At that time the numerals 1, 4, and 6 were written in the same form as today.
The important innovation in the Arabic system was the use of positional notation, in which individual number symbols assume different values according to their position in the written numeral. Positional notation is made possible by the use of a symbol for zero. The symbol 0 makes it possible to differentiate between 11, 101, and 1,001 without the use of additional symbols, and all numbers can be expressed in terms of ten symbols, the numerals from 1 to 9 plus 0. Positional notation also greatly simplifies all forms of written numerical calculation.

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Dynamo is a common device for converting mechanical energy into electric energy. This process depends on the fact that if an electrical conductor moves across a magnetic field, an electric current flows in the conductor.
Usually a dynamo includes an electromagnet, called the field magnet, between the poles of which a suitable conductor, usually in the form of a coil, called the armature, is rotated. The mechanical energy of the rotation, in the form of a current in the armature, is thus converted into electric energy.

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Wells
Look at the three types of wells in FIG.1. 1_______. It consists of a pipe, a point and a pump. You hammer the pipe into the ground until the point is below water level. The pipe is usually less than 10 mm wide and less than 20 m long. 2_______.
Well B is the cheapest because it has no pump. It uses a bucket and rope. The hole is usually more than 1 m wide. Well B is usually about the same depth as Well A.
3_______. The hole is usually less than 0.3 m wide, and the pipe has the same width as the one in Well A. The depth is usually more than 20 m. 4_______.

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1_______. The aggregate is both coarse (e.g. stones and gravel) and fine (e.g. sand).2_______.
1) Put two shovelfuls of sand into a wheel-barrow.
2) Add a shovelful of cement.
3) Mix these thoroughly with a shovel.
4) Add four shovelfuls of gravel. Mix thoroughly.
5) 3_______. Add a little water with a hose. CAUTION: Do not add all of the water – only a little.
6) Mix the materials thoroughly.
7) 4_______.