Вопрос № 911660 - Английский язык

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The prices of foreign currencies expressed in terms of other currencies are called foreign exchange rates. There are today three markets for foreign exchange: the spot market, which deals in currency for immediate delivery; the forward market, which involves the future delivery of foreign currency; and the currency futures and options market, which deals in contracts to hedge against future changes in foreign exchange rates. Immediate delivery is defined as one or two business days for most transactions. Future delivery typically means one, three, or six months from today.
Dealers and brokers in foreign exchange actually set not one but two exchange rates for each pair of currencies. That is, each trader sets a bid (buy) price and an asked (sell) price. The dealer makes a profit on the spread between the bid and asked price, although that spread is normally very small.

The foreign exchange markets are among the largest markets in the world, with annual trading volume in excess of $160 trillion. The purpose of the foreign exchange markets is to bring buyers and sellers of currencies together. It is an over-the-counter market, with no central trading location and no set hours of trading. Prices and other terms of trade are determined by negotiation over the telephone or by wire, satellite, or telex. The foreign exchange market is informal in its operations: there are no special requirements for market participants, and trading conforms to an unwritten code of rules.
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The price at which one currency exchanges for another is called foreign exchange rate.
In the UK there are three possible foreign exchange rate regimes. They are:
– Fixed exchange rate
– Flexible (or floating) exchange rate
– Managed exchange rate
Under a fixed exchange rate regime, the value of the pound would be pegged by the Bank of England. Under a flexible exchange rate regime, the value of the pound would be determined by market forces with no intervention by the Bank of England. Under a managed exchange rate regime, the Bank of England would intervene in the foreign exchange market to smooth out fluctuations in the value of the pound but it would not seek to maintain the pound at an absolutely constant value for a long period of time.

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Most banks have main offices in the 1_______ of cities and towns, and also have smaller offices, called «branches», in other parts of the city or town, as well as in suburban locations. Banks are generally 2_______ Mondays through Fridays, usually from 9:00 a.m. to 17:00 noon.
Remember that banks are 3_______ businesses. They are all different and each wants to get your business. You should check with several banks to determine which bank offers the best 4_______ for your needs.

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You should plan to 1_______ both a checking and savings account at the same bank, simply because it will be more convenient for you. For example, if you have a 2_______ account and a checking account in the same bank, you can often telephone and ask to transfer funds from your saving account to your 3_______ account. Interests rates on saving and checking accounts vary from bank of bank. Investigate and compare 4_______ banks and their rates of interests on accounts before you decide where to open an account.

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1_______ are organizations that carry out the business of banking, taking deposits and then using those deposits to make loans. In essence, a bank 2_______ to make a profit by paying depositors a lower rate of interest than the rate the bank charges borrowers. In accounting terms, deposits are considered liabilities (because they have to be repaid), and loans are considered assets.
Banks in most countries are supervised by a 3_______ bank, such as the Bank of England in the United Kingdom, the Bundesbank in Germany, the Federal Reserve System in the United States and Central Bank in Russia.
There are many 4_______ types of bank, and the banking structure varies from one country to another.