Вопрос № 115884 - Английский язык

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Modern Architecture
1. Modern architecture is the term universally applied to the style of building, which evolved a number of countries after the First World War as the International Style and which has culminated in the current design of glass, concrete and steel based on module construction presently being erected all over the world.
2. In the early 20th century an instinctive desire of architects to break away from the confusions and contrivances of the 19th century, and their efforts to introduce a style which responded to new social needs and exploited new materials led to the changed appearance of buildings; simple rectangular outlines; avoidance of symmetry; absence of applied ornament; flat roofs and white walls, resulting from the use of reinforced concrete, now the favorite material; large windows, which new structural techniques permitted, but which were encouraged also by the spirit of the times, which believed in opening up the interiors of buildings to light and air.
3. Until the 1930s, Germany was the main center of new architecture because of the presence there of a unifying institution, the Bauhaus, a college of design, which became synonymous with modern teaching methods in architecture.
4. In the years after 1945 the emphasis was on town-planning and housing. This was the era of new towns, vast housing estates. In matters of architectural style, it became less a question of conflict between period revival and modern design than between buildings designed for effect and those that aimed at the creation of a modern vernacular and a humane and harmonious environment. The Modern Movement cannot be said to have had a clear historical end. It always exited concurrently with other ways of designing.
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Modern Architecture
1. Modern architecture is the term universally applied to the style of building, which evolved a number of countries after the First World War as the International Style and which has culminated in the current design of glass, concrete and steel based on module construction presently being erected all over the world.
2. In the early 20th century an instinctive desire of architects to break away from the confusions and contrivances of the 19th century, and their efforts to introduce a style which responded to new social needs and exploited new materials led to the changed appearance of buildings; simple rectangular outlines; avoidance of symmetry; absence of applied ornament; flat roofs and white walls, resulting from the use of reinforced concrete, now the favorite material; large windows, which new structural techniques permitted, but which were encouraged also by the spirit of the times, which believed in opening up the interiors of buildings to light and air.
3. Until the 1930s, Germany was the main center of new architecture because of the presence there of a unifying institution, the Bauhaus, a college of design, which became synonymous with modern teaching methods in architecture.
4. In the years after 1945 the emphasis was on town-planning and housing. This was the era of new towns, vast housing estates. In matters of architectural style, it became less a question of conflict between period revival and modern design than between buildings designed for effect and those that aimed at the creation of a modern vernacular and a humane and harmonious environment. The Modern Movement cannot be said to have had a clear historical end. It always exited concurrently with other ways of designing.
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What were the main reasons of the appearance of modern architecture?

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New Year’s Day, January 1. It is customary for people to remain awake until after midnight on December 31st so that you may “watch the old year out and the new year in”. Many parties are given on this night. The theatres, night clubs, and restaurants are crowded.
When midnight comes, everyone at a party stops whatever they are doing to greet the New Year. The favourite song for a New Year’s Eve party is “Auld Lang Syne”. The title of the song means “Time Long Past”.
The traditional words of the song were written down by the eighteenth century Scottish poet Robert Burns.
The people gather in the streets of the big cities. They ring bells. They blow whistles and automobile horns. Some shoot off guns and firecrackers.
After celebrating the New Year’s arrival, many people spend this day visiting friends.
Составьте словосочетания из следующих слов
1. old
2. night
3. favourite
4. traditional

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This is a workshop. Two students are here. They are Sveta and Oleg. They are electricians. A toolboard is in the middle of the workshop. Many tools are on the toolboard. They are chisels, screwdrivers, a pair of pliers, a set of spanners, etc.
A safety-notice is above the toolboard. A bench is on left and a shelf is on the right. There are many nails, nuts and screws on the shelf. A hammer is not on the shelf, it is on the bench. Sveta is to the right of the bench. Oleg is on the other side of the workshop just opposite the toolboard.

Выберите слово, где произношение ударного гласного соответствует звуку [o]

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After the check, switch the station to ___________.