Вопрос № 1072205 - Английский язык

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Mechanical rotational energy is required to rotate shafts in a factory for driving various machines and also for driving the wheels of vehicles or automobiles or locomotives. The energy of water power is very unequally distributed, some countries such as Norway and Switzerland being rich in it and some such as England poor. England is rich in the potential energy of coal but has little or no oil wells.
Appliances for converting energy from one form to another are called engines. Thus a heat-engine is a machine for converting heat energy into mechanical energy of rotation by the combustion of coal or oil. A turbine or water engine can convert the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical rotational energy.
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The energy of water power is ___________________.

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A body possesses energy when due to its position or condition it is capable of doing work and the work it can do is a measure of its energy.
Energy is of two forms: potential energy and kinetic energy. The potential energy of a body is the energy possessed by the body thanks to its position or configuration. For example, a lifted weight has potential energy due to the higher position into which it has been lifted since it can do work as it falls under the action of gravity. The potential energy of the weight in its highest position is the same as its kinetic energy after it has fallen to its lowest position.
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The potential energy of a body is the energy possessed by the body thanks to its __________________.

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Electronics is a new branch of physics, and one that plays an increasingly important part in our lives. It is concerned with the use of electricity to produce signals that carry information and control devices such as computers. These devices contain electric circuits through which electric current flows. The controlling parts in a circuit are called components, and these include diodes and transistors. Components can amplify currents, switch them on and off, or change their direction.
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The form of energy that illuminates our world is called 1_______. It usually comes from hot objects, like the sun or fire, but it is also produced by electricity and some 2_______ reactions. Light is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. It travels at 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second, and nothing can 3_______ faster. Like other forms of energy, light travels in 4_______, but it can also travel in packets of energy called quanta.

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The English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton was one of the 1_______ scientists of all time. His theories revolutionized scientific thinking and laid the foundations of modern 2_______. His book «Principia Mathematics» is one of the most important works in the history of modern science. Newton 3_______ the law of gravity, and developed the three laws of motion that are still in use today. He was the first person to split white light into the 4_______ of the spectrum.

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The name of German physicist Heinrich Hertz has become a part of everyday language because of his work on electromagnetic 1_______. The hertz (Hz), the unit used to measure the frequency of electromagnetic waves, is named for the German 2_______. Hertz was inspired by the work of the 3_______ physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who had predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertz designed and 4_______ equipment that proved that these waves exist and that they could be detected at a distance.