Вопрос № 224003 - Английский язык

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A tariff is a duty, or tax, on imports. There are two basic types of tariffs. Revenue tariffs are levied as a way to raise money. Protective tariffs are levied to protect a domestic industry from foreign competition. The goal is to make the foreign product more expensive then a similar item produced by a domestic producer. Then people will stop buying the foreign-made item and purchase its domestic counterpart. Restrictions on the numbers of certain specified goods that can enter the country from abroad are called quotas. Like protective tariffs, quotas limit the amount of foreign competition a protected industry will have to face.

A tariff is a duty, or tax, on imports. There are two basic types of tariffs. Revenue tariffs are levied as a way to raise money. Protective tariffs are levied to protect a domestic industry from foreign competition. The goal is to make the foreign product more expensive then a similar item produced by a domestic producer. Then people will stop buying the foreign-made item and purchase its domestic counterpart. Restrictions on the numbers of certain specified goods that can enter the country from abroad are called quotas. Like protective tariffs, quotas limit the amount of foreign competition a protected industry will have to face.
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Sanctions are a form of reaction to illegal actions of another party. There are sanctions against dumping, for example. Dumping means shipping large amounts of a product to another country at prices below the cost of production or below the selling price.

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Some governments impose various regulations on businesses in their countries. Sometimes these regulations discourage foreign companies from entering home markets. In some countries all international businesses must have local partners. In other countries a foreign firm must have at least one native in the top management of a branch or a subsidiary. Some governments, foe example in Mexico, insist that the local partners have the controlling interest. However, big firms like IBM refuse to do business on these grounds and usually manage to find the way out.

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Foreign Trade Zones (FTZs) are areas in the country that are treated as foreign territory. Foreign goods can be imported into these areas without payment of duties imposed by the national government. The goods can then be sold and shipped from the FTZ to other countries duty-free. When these goods are shipped into the country to which FTZ belongs, the duty is imposed.

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In the realm of foreign commerce, the US led the world in value of imports in 1986, and was second only to Federal Republic of Germany in value of exports. Exports of domestic merchandise, raw materials, agricultural and industrial products, and military goods amounted in 1985 to nearly $207 billion. One rapidly growing export category was computers, which rose from $1.2 billiоn in 1970 to $13.8 in 1985, frain exports rose from $2.6 to $11.25 in 1985.