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Bacteria, unlike higher organisms, consist of a single cell only. Some of the bacteria possess thread-like appendices, so-called cilia, for purpose of locomotion. These cilia are fixed either at one end of the cell or are arranged over the whole surface of the cell. The size of the cells is microscopic. The pathogen is thus visible with the aid of microscope only. Bacteria multiply by simple fission. Bacteria diseases are usually caused by the penetration of bacteria into injured plant parts. By excreting certain chemical agents bacteria break up cell unions, loosen them or kill part of the cells.
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