Вопрос № 139617 - Английский язык

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If a person has been found guilty, he is _____ according to law and within limits fixed by legislation.

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                        What is a crime?
1. Crime is a part of public law — the law regulating the relations between citizens and the state. Crimes are acts which the state considers to be wrong and which can be punished by the state. There are some acts which are crimes in one country but not in another. For example, it is a crime to drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia, but not in Egypt. It is a crime to smoke marijuana in England, but not (in prescribed places) in the Netherlands. It is a crime to have more than one wife at the same time in France, but not in Indonesia.
2. In general, however, there is quite a lot of agreement among states as to which acts are criminal. A visitor to a foreign country can be sure that stealing, physically attacking someone or damaging their property will be unlawful. But the way of dealing with people suspected of crime may be different from his own country.
3. In many legal systems it is an important principle that a person cannot be considered guilty of a crime until the state proves he committed it. The suspect himself need not prove anything, although he will of course help himself if he can show evidence of his innocence. The state must prove his guilt according to high standards and there are elements that must be proved. In codified systems, these elements are usually recorded in statutes. In common law systems, the elements of some crimes are detailed in statutes; others, known as "common law crimes", are still described mostly in case law.
4. There are usually two important elements to a crime: (1) the criminal act itself; and (2) the criminal state of mind of the person when he committed the act. In Anglo-American law these are known by the Latin terms of (1) Actus Reus and (2) Mens Rea.
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When can a person be considered guilty?

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The oldest known _______ are engraved and painted using red ochre and black pigment and show horses, lions, buffalo, mammoth or humans often hunting.

Thermodynamics is a branch of natural science concerned with ______ and its relation to energy and work.

Лишним словом имеющим другое смысловое значение является

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In old Roman legends, Mercury was the swift-footed messenger of the gods. The year on the planet of Mercury is only 88 earth days.
Mercury always keeps one side towards the sun. On this side it is always day, on the other side it is always night. We see only the lighted side.
Mercury appears to us like a yellowish-orange star. The nearest planet to the sun, it is always seen near the sun, either before sunrise or soon after sunset. People sometimes call Mercury the morning or evening star, though it is really a planet.
On its lighted side Mercury’s temperature is about 300 degrees Centigrade. But the dark side is deathly cold — about 150 degrees below zero. So Mercury is probably the coldest, as well as the hottest of the planets.       
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Mercury is seen near the sun _____.