Вопрос № 933084 - Английский язык

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What were hospitals founded for?
A very important development during the Middle Ages was the hospital. Hospitals appeared in Ceylon early in the fifth century В. С. and in India in 260 В. С. Hospitals were founded during the Middle Ages in Italy, France, England, Spain, and other European countries.
The number of hospital beds was not always an indication of hospital size, usually great beds were used and four–six patients were put on one bed.
Hospitals were founded to treat the sick people. Another development during the Middle Ages was the foundation of Universities. Many of the great European Universities were founded during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Biological sciences were taught in the universities. Students also studied the human body and some diseases.

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In most countries of the world, there is one medicine that nearly everyone takes. It is called aspirin. People take aspirin when they have an ache or a pain, and sometimes when they have a fever.
Doctors believe it can also help people who have heart diseases and some other diseases, too. Some people, however, cannot take aspirin because it hurts their stomachs. Aspirin must never be given to children under 12 years old.

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Ophthalmic nurses examine and advise patients. They administer tests for visual acuity and do slit lamp examinations, test blood pressure and urine, and may make preliminary diagnoses and assist ophthalmologists in surgery. In many countries, the role of the ophthalmic nurse is expanding and they are now taking on a lot of the tasks formerly only performed by ophthalmologists. Now ophthalmic nurses treat cataracts with surgery known as laser capsulotomy, excise cysts in the eyelid, and do other minor surgical procedures.

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The eye is a genuinely amazing thing. It is a tiny, intricate assembly of light sensitive cells, an adjustable lens and diaphragm, and nerves which transmit impulses to the visual cortex of the brain. The eye has probably evolved from a simple light sensitive spot on an ancestral creature long ago into a retina and lens of great complexity.
However, it is often given by religious people, as an example to disprove evolution and prove creation – only a divine designer, they say, could have fashioned such an exquisite thing.

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Nurses work with the mentally ill in making assessments and diagnoses, planning care, and helping patients regain or improve the skills they need to cope. Important in their work is the therapeutic relationship. This is the relationship between the patient and therapist, which is based on non-judgemental empathy, and which provides the security to be able to speak with honesty. Therapeutic relationships develop under the most difficult conditions, not just because the patient is often being given treatment against his will.

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Surgery has always been risky and even with modern anaesthetics, blood transfusions, and antiseptics, patients will still die from the trauma of pain, loss of blood, and infections. Apart from such complications, there are other dangers such as bad reactions to anaesthetics, problems with wound healing, deep vein thrombosis, dehiscence (the splitting open of a surgical wound), and, depending on the state of health of the patient, risks of lung and heart problems.