Прочитайте текст Cough is one of the commonest symptoms in childhood as well as at any age. It is im...: ответ на тест 781730 - Английский язык

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Cough is one of the commonest symptoms in childhood as well as at any age. It is important to understand that coughing is quite a normal act, as it is one of the body’s ways of protecting the bronchial tubes and lungs. Any irritation of the bronchial tree or the trachea excites a reflex one cough. There are two main causes of this irritation. Firstly, it may be due to mucus which comes down the back of the nose. The cough reflex is to prevent the entering of mucus into the bronchial tubes. Secondly, infection may cause inflammation of the trachea and this produces the cough reflex.
Many children who have a persistent cough have no disease in their chest. When the doctor examines such a child with his stethoscope there is no abnormality to be heard. However, in some children coughing is due to impairment in the chest itself. The cough is an expression of the normal defences of the chest, but in this case the bronchial tubes are inflamed.  
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There are two main _______.

Acute bronchitis is the disease of the bronchi. It is the inflammation of the bronchi. Its main symptom is a short painful dry cough associated with rapid respiration. The patient often complains of the pain in the throat, and behind the breastbone. He also feels discomfort in the chest and breathes heavily. Both dry and moist rảles are heard in the lungs.
The amount of the discharge from the bronchial mucous membrane is large. It accumulates in the bronchial tubes and makes the patient cough.
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Its main symptom is _______.

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Asthma has many different forms, with possibly different causes. There is no condition which is so individual, so personal.
Asthma often begins in childhood. A child has had attacks of cough accompanied by breathlessness. When he recovers no one knows when the next attack will occur. But many such child patients are free of the disease becoming adults, yet there are some who are not so happy.
There are certain types of asthma. The allergic type is due to some biochemical substance foreign to the body which produces an attack of asthma.
Attacks of asthma may be due to different emotions so this gives one the possibility to consider asthma as psychoneurosis, determining its type as psychoneurologic.
Infections greatly affect the course of asthma. Pneumonia, tonsillitis and other foci of infection in the body provide favourable conditions for the development of severe attacks of asthma.
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A child has had attacks of cough accompanied by  _______.

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Acute bacterial endocarditis is one of the forms of the impairment of endocardium.
The disease develops as a complication of some primary focus of infection. The causative agents of the disease may be streptococci, staphylococci, meningococci and other organisms. If the primary focus of infection has external localization it is readily diagnosed. However, there are cases with deeply localized internal primary  focus of infection, which present much difficulty for the diagnosis.
From the local focus of infection pathogenic organisms enter the general blood flow and form secondary foci of infection. Such foci may develop in the endocardium affecting the aortic, mitral and sometimes tricuspid valves.
In some cases acute bacterial endocarditis is accompanied by purulent pericarditis and pleurisy.
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Acute bacterial endocarditis is one of the forms _______.

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The heart is a pump. Its function is to pump the blood through the general and pulmonary circulation. The power required for this purpose varies greatly, depending on the position, exercise and resistance to blood flow.
To meet these varying requirements the heart has a wide reserve power. If the load on the heart is permanently increased the reserve is diminished or the heart undergoes hypertrophy to meet the increased requirements.
If, because of poor nutrition, infection or overstrain, hypertrophy fails, or the reserve is eliminated, the heart dilates, and heart failure or cardiac insufficiency develops.
Hypertrophy of the heart muscle is almost always accompanied by increase in the size of the heart cavities, but in dilatation, properly speaking, the muscle walls become thin and lose their tone and the size of the cavities is disproportionally large.
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Its function is to pump the blood _______.

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Russian rheumatologists held their meeting in Sochi to discuss the most urgent problems.
Most reports were devoted to the problem of rheumatic carditis. Academician A.Nesterov, president of the Russian Scientific Society of   Rheumatologists, spoke about the latent form of rheumatic carditis. This form may be almost asyptomatic or present only with general arthralgia, rapid pulse, and general weakness.
Academician A. Nesterov indicated that there was a strong relation of rheumatism to streptococcal disease and, may be, to specific reaction of certain patients to this chronic streptococcal infection.
A. Dolgopolova of the Moscow Institute of Rheumatological Research, Department of Pediatrics, again emphasizes the need to differentiate rheumatic latent carditis from its acute and chronic forms.
A. Lukyanova called attention to the ambulatory forms of rheumatism, among which a great number of patients have latent rheumatic carditis.
U. Danys introduced a suggestion that chronic tonsillitis may produce a functional disturbance of myocardium. He called it the tonsillo-cardiac syndrome.
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Most reports were devoted to _______.