Вопрос № 800513 - Английский язык

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Nowadays plastics can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundation to the final coat of paint.
A lot of decorative plastics now available has brought about a revolution in interior and exterior design. But plastics are used now not only for decoration. These materials are sufficiently rigid to stand on their own without any support. They can be worked with ordinary builders’ tools.

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Plastic Materials
1. Plastic materials are not found in nature. Plastic is formed by extrusion or injection molding under very high pressure. It can be molded into any desired shape. Organic plastics are divided into two general groups: thermosetting and thermoplastic. The thermosetting group becomes rigid through a chemical change that occurs when heat is applied. These plastics cannot be remolded. The thermoplastic group remains soft at high temperatures and must be cooled before becoming rigid. This group is not used generally as a structural material.
2. Plastics are rapidly becoming important construction materials because of their great variety, strength, durability and lightness. Plastics are light. The benefits of light weight coupled with good strength and absence of corrosion offer tremendous potential as alternatives to traditional building materials. A given volume of polythene weights less than one-eighth of an equal volume of iron and less than half of the same volume of aluminum.
3. Plastics are used in the industry and in the household: from rockets and electronics to toys and house ware. Plastic products offer many advantages over the materials they replace, such as ease of handling, lower maintenance costs and rapidity of assembly. The insulation and dielectric properties of plastics led to their early use in the electrical engineering industry, which was followed by special application in mechanical engineering.
4. Using of plastics as materials for a construction in the form of sheets, rods or tubes is substituting the conventional metals. Plastics offer a lot of properties for the designs. Plastics have now been developed to such an extent that they can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundations to the final coat of paint.
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There are 1_______ types of chisel for metalwork and for woodwork. Woodwork chisels have a smaller angle at the point of the tool although this is suitable for soft materials such as 2_______, a tool point with a small 3_______ is too weak for hard materials. 4_______ metal, a stronger point is necessary, so the angle is greater at the point of a metalwork chisel.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами 1_______ metals are based on iron. They are usually 2_______ with carbon because it increases the strength of 3_______ and makes it much more useful to the engineer. Slight variations in carbon content can make very great differences in the properties of the metal. Wrought iron is a ferrous metal with carbon content of less than 0.05 %. Chains and 4_______ can be produced from this alloy.

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They recently built a new swimming pool in the small town of Winter Park, Florida. It is one 1_______ deep at one end and 55 metres deep at the other. That was not the original 2_______: half the pool has been eaten by an enormous hole.
The hole has also eaten two businesses, 3_______, five cars, several trees, and a large piece of road. It was still growing yesterday.
Mrs. Mae Rose Owens was the first person to see it, last Friday. As she looked out of her window  she saw a tree getting shorter and 4_______.
‘Suddenly the earth just opened up and down this tree went. I couldn’t believe it.’
The hole seems to be a result of the drought. Underground streams have dried out, making the subsoil contract.

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There is no place in London, or, for the matter, in all of Britain with a worse reputation for savagery than the 1_______ of London. In its 900 years of history, it has been awash in the blood of kings and queens, criminals and innocents, alike. 2_______ shortly after the Norman Conquest the fortress consisted, in those days, of the central White Tower and surrounding 3_______, which incorporated part of the city wall originally built by the Romans.
The Tower, as we see today, didn’t take 4_______ shape until the reign of Edward I, who added more walls and towers to the original construction.