Вопрос № 224046 - Английский язык

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One secret to Nestle’s 1_________ is that many of its products - especially instant coffee, chocolates, and frozen foods - appeal to consumers all over the 2__________. For example, coffee is closing in on tea as the 3___________ drink in Japan. Frozen dinners, long a hit in the United States, are catching on in Europe. And of course chocolate tastes the same in any language. Although these products have to be adapted slightly to local tastes, they generally can be 4__________ worldwide.

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One of the first multinational 1__________, Nestle now has production facilities in more than 60 2__________. Its 3___________ can be found almost everywhere around the globe. In Europe, where Nestle’s success is greatest, 4_________ of instant coffee, mineral water, yogurt, frozen foods, cold cuts, candy, and cereal bars total roughly $10.2 billion.

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Britain is the world's leading financial 1_________ and the home of international banking and financial 2_________. The city of London holds the greatest concentration of 3___________ in the world and is responsible for about a fifth of total international bank lending. It also accommodates the world's largest insurance and reinsurance industry and one of the 4_________ largest stock exchanges.

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The World Bank is the world’s foremost intergovernmental 1___________ concerned with the external financing of the economic growth of developing 2__________. The official title of the institution is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).
Before recommending a Bank loan, the staff of the Bank must be reasonably satisfied that the productivity of the borrowing country will be 3___________ and that the prospects for repayment are good. A country must be judged creditworthy. Engineering investigations are frequently carried out to determine the probable relation of a proposed project to benefits and costs. Increasingly, however, the Bank has shifted somewhat away from project lending (e.g., for a dam or a highway or a port); it has become concerned with 4___________ and other human services, the environment, and, through structural adjustment loans, the modification of governmental policies that are thought to have impeded long-run growth.

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The World Bank has paid increasing 1__________ to the evaluation of previous lending. Recently, moreover, it has acceded to the requests of the American secretary of the treasury to help to ease the huge, 2___________, largely commercial-bank debt.
Voting power in the Bank (as well as in the Fund) is determined by the size of each member nation’s subscription. Subscriptions, in turn, are based on a formula that takes into account such variables as the value of each nation’s foreign 3___________ and its total output. Ultimate power, through weighted voting, rests with the Board of Governors of the Bank (and the Fund). The governors meet annually in 4__________. The day-to-day affairs of the Bank are determined, however, by executive directors who live permanently in Washington, D.C.

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Because of the size of the World Bank’s subscriptions, five nations - the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, and France - are entitled to appoint executive 1___________; the remaining seventeen directors are elected by some combination of the votes of the other nations. There are 156 members 2___________, but, with the independence of the Baltic States and the devolution of the Soviet Union into separate republics, the membership could increase to over 170, thereby including all the independent nations in the world.
The Soviet Union was one of the forty-four governments whose representatives signed the original Bretton Woods agreements, but along with the other members of the Warsaw Pact, it chose not to 3__________ the Bank or the Fund when these organizations were formally incorporated in 1946. (Poland and Czechoslovakia joined the Bank and the Fund initially but withdrew when the 4__________ war began in earnest and a loan to Poland was blocked by the United States.)