Вопрос № 348131 - Английский язык

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Today railway transport is quiet different than in old times. There are many thousands of locomotives, hundreds of thousands of cars and oil-cisterns. The trains today go much faster. The whole wagon fleet was fitted with continuous brakes, and hundreds of thousands of wagons were equipped with automatic couplings. Many old lines were improved and electrified and the use of diesel traction was begun. Heavy rails were laid extensively and a substantial mileage was equipped with automatic block signaling.

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Today railway transport is quiet different than in old times. There are many thousands of locomotives, hundreds of thousands of cars and oil-cisterns. The trains today go much faster. The whole wagon fleet was fitted with continuous brakes, and hundreds of thousands of wagons were equipped with automatic couplings. Many old lines were improved and electrified and the use of diesel traction was begun. Heavy rails were laid extensively and a substantial mileage was equipped with automatic block signaling.

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Safe operation of freight and passenger trains requires a system of signaling. To inform the locomotive and train crew of the position of other trains in relation to their own, signals installed at frequent intervals give indications which are visible both by day and by night. Wayside signals installed along railroad tracks are called fixed signals.

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1_______. The bridge, which was over 3 kilometres long, opened in 1878 and fell down in a winter storm in 1879. 2_______.
There was the enquiry into the Tay Bridge disaster to find out why the accident happened. One of the constructions was that the design and construction were based on quickly and cheaply it could be built. Safety and strength were not thought about properly. 3___________ . Also, the design was based on experience rather than the more scientific and accurate calculations used today. 4___________. The results confirm that the design of the bridge was definitely substandard.

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1___________. It is made in Britain by a family-owned company and it is handmade. Each Morgan is made individually. 2_______. There are no assembly lines because each stage of the manufacturing is done by highly-skilled craftsmen. For example, the wooden frame is made in the same way as the first organ in 1909, upholsterers make the leather seats, and sheet metalworkers make the panels by hand.
It takes a long time to take a car by hand.  3___________. Buyers put their name on a waiting list and then wait for the factory to tell them that their car is finished. 4___________ .Like proud parents-to-be, people on the waiting list can visit the factory to see their car being made and to talk to the craftsmen doing the work.

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In the past, technical drawings for industry and architecture were drawn by hand. 1_______. These hand-drawn diagrams provided clear information but were slow and expensive to make.
2_______. Computers can also:
1 save, change, and recycle the drawings
2 make 3D images
3 3__________
4 keep an electronic library of standard parts
5 make symmetrical images of components
6 make accurate and consistent drawings
A good way to explain the advantages is to think about architectural drawing.
4_______. Images of the rooms are created in 3D so the viewer can ‘walk’ through the rooms. Designers can also experiment with different arrangements of furniture and colours.