Вопрос № 223419 - Английский язык

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How many calories do you need? This depends on your weight and on what you do. When you are asleep, your body uses nearly one calorie an hour for every kilogram of weight. So a person who weighs seventy kilos uses about 560 calories while sleeping for eight hours; in other words, he needs about 1680 calories just to stay alive for 24 hours, even without doing anything. More calories are needed for different activities – from 100 calories an hour for reading or watching TV, to 350 calories an hour for playing football. To calculate the number of calories needed per day for an average person, first find out that person’s ideal weight.

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If you eat more than you need, the extra calories turn into fat; if you eat less than you need, the body burns fat to get energy and you lose weight. One way of losing weight is by dieting – eating less. Another way is to go on eating the same amount, but to increase your body’s need for energy by taking more exercise. But be careful. It is important to slim – or to start an exercise programme – gradually. Don’t try to lose a lot of weight fast. It doesn’t usually work, and it can be dangerous.

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If you eat more than you need, the extra calories turn into fat; if you eat less than you need, the body burns fat to get energy and you lose weight. One way of losing weight is by dieting – eating less. Another way is to go on eating the same amount, but to increase your body’s need for energy by taking more exercise. But be careful. It is important to slim – or to start an exercise programme – gradually. Don’t try to lose a lot of weight fast. It doesn’t usually work, and it can be dangerous.

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Psychologists think that we have ‘central personality traits’. These affect how we behave, and how we react to people and situations. Examples of central personality traits are friendliness, neatness, competitiveness, shyness and optimism. This means that generally a person will be friendly or shy, neat or untidy, optimistic or pessimistic in different situations. Some psychologists think that we are born with these central traits and that usually they stay with us all our life.

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Psychologists say that we also have other traits, called ‘secondary traits’, connected with the things we prefer, such as our favourite food, music, films or colours. These can change as we get older, but very often many of them stay the same all our lives. For example, when we are adults we may buy the same colour clothes that we liked when we were children.

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If we know someone well, we get to know their central and secondary personality traits. This means that we can probably predict the kinds of things that a person might enjoy, what they could do or how they might react in different situations. In general, most people’s behavior and attitudes are predictable unless they are in very unusual and stressful situations.