Вопрос № 223253 - Английский язык

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A lot of people began to see how electro-magnets could be used to send messages. One of the most famous people of all in communication is Samuel Morse. He invented the Morse code. This code is still used in signaling all over the world. His idea was simple. He thought of using time, sending current along a wire for a long time or a short time. Combining different sets of these “impulses”, just using the long or short, he made a code for the whole alphabet, and the numbers from 0 to 9.

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A lot of people began to see how electro-magnets could be used to send messages. One of the most famous people of all in communication is Samuel Morse. He invented the Morse code. This code is still used in signalling all over the world. His idea was simple. He thought of using time, sending current along a wire for a long time or a short time. Combining different sets of these “impmses”, just using the long or short, he made a code for the whole alphabet, and the numbers from 0 to 9.

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Only at the end of the 19th century electricity began to play its part in modern civilization. The man who achieved more in this field of practical engineering than any of his contemporaries was the American inventor, Thomas Alva Edison. He became interested in the problem of electric lighting. He knew what had been done in the field of electric lighting before his time, and he had seen some devices of his contemporaries, such as arc-lamp illuminations, which had been installed here and there. Two sticks of carbon, nearly touching, can be made to produce an electric arc which closes the circuit. Many scientists and inventors working in this field knew that only incandescent electric light - produced by some substance glowing in a vacuum so that it cannot burn up - could be used instead of gas lighting.

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Modern telegraph systems are based upon the fact that electric current will flow through a wire which forms a circuit. The circuit can be broken to interrupt the flow of electricity and closed again for a short time by a key to send an electrical impulse through the circuit. When the key is pressed the circuit is closed. Electricity from the battery flows through the wire and earth circuit and causes the buzzer to make a noise. Using the Morse code, or some other code, messages can be sent in this way.

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Through the years other machines were invented, both to receive and transmit messages. These machines are called teleprinters. They use a code called the International 5-unit teleprinter code instead of the Morse code. It is called a "5-unit" code because a letter or a figure is made up of five impulses of electrical current, either positive or negative - three positive, two negative; one positive, four negative; and so on. All the letters are the same length in time. This is quite different from the Morse code, where E is the shortest and "nought" the longest.

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A teleprinter is really a machine which sends a typewriter message over a telegraph circuit. In fact, it looks like a typewriter and has the same keyboard. Every time one of the keys on the keyboard is pressed it sends the five impulses that make one letter or figure. It also sends a "start" impulse. This sets the teleprinter (or any number of them that are connected) at a receiving station ready to print the letter that follows immediately. A "stop" impulse brings all the teleprinters to rest after each letter or figure.