Вопрос № 223715 - Английский язык

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Agriculture is an important branch of economy. Economic growth of any country depends on the development of agriculture which supplies people with food and clothing and industry with raw materials. The word “agre” is a Latin word. It means the cultivation of fields in order to grow crops. Now agriculture also includes the use of land to breed farm animals.

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1___________. Economic growth of any country depends on the development of agriculture which supplies people with food and clothing and industry with raw materials.
2___________. It means the cultivation of the fields in order to grow crops. 3___________.
We do not know when people began to grow crops. 4___________. Now crop production and animal husbandry are highly developed branches of agriculture.

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Everybody needs to know what tomorrow’s weather will be. Farmers are greatly dependent on the weather changes which may destroy a whole year’s work in a few hours. Being dependent on the weather they observe about them. They notice changes. They notice what happens just before the wind blows, fog forms, rain or snow falls. They learn to know the signs of changing weather. Observations of the weather have been carried on over a long period of time. Some of these observations resulted in beliefs that are true but also in some that are not.

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Meat preservation helps to control spoilage by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, slowing enzymatic activity, and preventing the oxidation of fatty acids that promote rancidity. There are many factors affecting the length of time meat products can be stored while maintaining product safety and quality. The physical state of meat plays a role in the number of microorganisms that can grow on meat. For example, grinding meat increases the surface area, releases moisture and nutrients from the muscle fibres, and distributes surface microorganisms throughout the meat. Chemical properties of meat, such as pH and moisture content, affect the ability of microorganisms to grow on meat. Natural protective tissues (fat and skin) can prevent microbial contamination, dehydration, or other undesirable changes. Covering meats with paper or protective plastic films prevents excessive moisture loss and microbial contamination.

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Cold storage. Temperature is the most important factor influencing bacterial growth. Pathogenic bacteria do not grow well at temperatures under 3°C. Therefore, meat should be stored at temperatures that are as cold as possible. Refrigerated storage is the most common method of meat preservation. The typical refrigerated storage life for fresh meat is 5 to 7 days.
Freezer storage is an excellent method of meat preservation. It is important to wrap frozen meats closely in packaging that limits air contacts with the meat in order to prevent moisture loss during storage. The length of time meats are held at frozen storage also determines product quality. Under typical freezer storage of -18°C beef can be stored for 6 to 12 months, lamb for 6 to 9 months, pork for 6 months, and sausage products for 2 months.

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Freezing. The rate of freezing is very important in maintaining meat quality, rapid freezing being superior. If meats are frozen slowly, large ice crystals form in the meat and rupture cell membranes. When this meat is thawed, much of the original moisture found in the meat is lost as juice flow from the meat. For this reason cryogenic freezing or other rapid methods of freezing meats are used at the commercial level to maintain maximal product quality. It is important to note, however, that freezing does not kill the microorganisms; they simply become dormant. When the meat is thawed, the spoilage continues where it left off.