Вопрос № 223839 - Английский язык

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Nowadays machine tools play an important role in the manufacture of almost all metal products. Machinists (people who operate machine tools) use them in making automobiles, radios, refrigerators, television sets and so on. Every mechanical engineering workshop is equipped with machine tools. They are the main source for the manufacture of component parts of all machine and mechanical devices.
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Who uses machines in making automobiles, radios, refrigerators, television sets?

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Nowadays machine tools play an important role in the manufacture of almost all metal products. Machinists (people who operate machine tools) use them in making automobiles, radios, refrigerators, television sets and so on. Every mechanical engineering workshop is equipped with machine tools.

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Even the most advanced robots are human-controlled machines. They can’t see or hear or think. Robots do only what they are told to do usually by a computer programme. Robots are taught to fulfil thousands of factory jobs. They load heavy equipment, weld cars, and put electronic parts together. Robots can do things that are dangerous for humans. They look like mechanical arms. More and more robots look lifelike. Some of them help doctors in their work. These robots are programmed to mimic disease symptoms. Medical students practice with robots before treating human patients.
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What robots can’t do?

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G. Stephenson’s reputation as a mechanic was beginning to spread. He was asked by a firm to come as their mill engine was giving trouble. He soon found that the trouble with the engine was a lot of sand that was drawn into the pumps with the water. The sand also got into the mechanism of the engine. Thanks to Stephenson’s improvements the water from the well could reach the pump only by flowing over the rim of a box, while the heavier sand sank to the bottom outside the box.
This period when machinery was beginning to take the place of human labour is known as the First Industrial Revolution.
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Where did sand also get into?

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The properties of a metal can be further improved by use of heat treatment. Heat treatment is the term given to number of different procedures in which the properties of metals and alloys are changed. It usually consists of heating the metal or alloy to a selected temperature below its melting point and then cooling it at a certain rate to obtain those properties which are required. For example, hardening is used to make metals harder. Tempering makes them softer and less brittle. Annealing is carried out to make a metal soft so that it can be machined more easily. In this way, metallic materials can be produced to meet every kind of engineering specification and requirement.
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What makes metals softer and less brittle?

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Steel, copper and aluminium are used in making engineering products.
Steel is a grey plastic material. It is heavier than aluminium but it is the hardest and the strongest of these three metals.
Copper is a red metal. It is harder and stronger than aluminium and more flexible than steel. But copper is the heaviest and the most expensive metal. The lightest and the most flexible of these materials is aluminium. It is a white hard metal.
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What kind of metal is aluminium?