Вопрос № 223536 - Английский язык

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Butter is a food fat product made 1_______ from milk or milk cream or both, with or without common salt and added colouring. Butter 2______ not less that 80 % milk fat. As a spread for bread in 3______ products and confections, butter is prized for the flavour that comes from the action of 4______ microorganisms on cream.

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Fluid milk for commercial distribution is usually pasteurized, that is subjected to the temperature of 61,70 C for at least 30 min or 71,70 C for 15 sec. and then cooled and bottled. The importance of safety and cleanliness is stressed in the dairy industry. Milk may also be condensed or evaporated, dried, powdered or separated into skim milk and cream.

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Confectionery industry has a long history. It starts with the discovery of honey. Chopped fruits and nuts mixed with honey was the first confectionery item in the world. When in the middle ages cane sugar was brought to Europe it was used for the production of sugar sweets.

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Confections are divided into several large groups: hard candies, chewy confections, aerated confections and chocolate candies. Common sweeteners used in confections are refined crystalline cane or beet sugar, liquid sugar, corn syrup, starch, honey and some others.

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Drying, salting, cold storage, freezing, bottling and canning are methods used to preserve vegetables and fruit. If foods are kept for a few days in the air, they spoil because of the action of yeasts, bacteria and other types of microorganisms. Food preserving methods destroy these organisms or prevent their re – entry or slow down their growth.

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It was not until 1930 that people could keep food fresh for a long time. They did this by freezing it.
Clarence Birdeye was the first person to sell frozen food. He had watched fishermen catching fish in the coldest part of Canada. The fish came out of the water and frozen in the cold air. Months later, these frozen fish were still fresh, and the fishermen could cook and eat them. Mr. Birdeye started a freezing company with some friends. He put fresh vegetables into large boxes of water. Then he put the boxes in a large freezer.
At first the frozen foods did not sell very well. Many people did not have anywhere to keep them because they did not have fridges. Also the price was high. However, when more people had fridges, frozen foods become more popular and people did not have to pay so much for them. By 1933, there were 516 shops selling frozen foods.