Вопрос № 223783 - Английский язык

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London transport is the largest urban transport organization in Europe, covering an operating area of over 630 square miles. Each working day, about 2.8 passenger journeys are made on 470 underground trains, which run along 250 miles of route. In addition nearly 4 million passenger trips are made on buses. 100 routes are operated by independent companies under control. 85% of London commuters use public transport.
The London Transport Museum is a unique collection. Frequent special exhibitions focus on particular aspects of transport in London.

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In Britain the most popular form of transport is the car. People use it everyday to get to work, go to the supermarket and take the children to and from school.
However, in a busy city centre, where there are not many parking spaces, people prefer to use public transport such as taxis, buses and trains. In London the Underground is the fastest and most convenient way of getting around.
In the countryside things are not quite the same. People travel by car everywhere as buses and trains are not very frequent.
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People prefer to use public transport in a busy city centre because …

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Have you ever visited an airport? It is often a very exciting place. If you are near an airport, why not go inside? You do not have to be a passenger to go inside it. Sometimes you may have to pay to enter an airport but is always a small amount.
An airport is usually full of people. Some of them will be passengers. Some have just arrived by plane and they are now waiting for transport to take them home. Others are waiting to go on planes that will take them to another city or another country. They are buying something or talking to their friends. Above the airport the planes may be circling in the air. They are waiting their turn to land. There must be someone to control all these places. If you look around the airport you will see the control tower where the men who control the planes work. If they make a mistake people may be killed.

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In recent years, serious traffic problems have developed in most large cities. Many cities have experimented with different ideas for controlling the traffic. For example, in some places, they have established ‘park and ride’ systems, where people can park their cars and travel into the city by bus. Other cities have introduced a complete ban on certain days of the week.
New technology has also made other solutions possible. In some cities, for example, they have placed automatic posts in the middle of roads into the city centre. These posts prevent cars from entering the city centre, but when taxis, buses and ambulances approach them, they automatically disappear into the ground.
Many city councils have also put computers and scanners on all roads into the city. Drivers have to buy a special electronic card and put it in their car. When the car has passed through a scanning machine, a computer checks the card and allows the car to go through. Drivers who have not remembered to put their card into their car cannot take their cars into the city.

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The Black Country is an old industrial area near Birmingham in the Midlands of Britain. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it had a lot of factories and coal mines. It was called the ‘Black’ Country because of all the coal mines and smoke from the factories. Britain was the first country in the world to have an Industrial Revolution, and Birmingham and the Black Country were important for the manufacturing of metal goods.
The Black Country Living Museum has authentic factories, shops and houses from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. You can see people working in the factories and shops. Sometimes you can also see people living in the houses, as people did more than a hundred years ago. Fish and chip shops are still common in Britain.

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Britain used to have many manufacturing industries, but since the Second World War its service industries, especially banking and retailing, have expanded. Between 1951 and 1991, the percentage of people working in service industries rose from 36 per cent to 71 per cent. The number of people working in manufacturing industries has gone down.
Heavy industries, including steel manufacture and shipbuilding, have been replaced by high-technology manufacturing industries, such as aeroplane engine manufacture and pharmaceuticals.