Вопрос № 223937 - Английский язык

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Heat is a form of energy that transfers from one object or body to another if there is a difference in temperature between the two. When you are hot, for example, and the air outside your body is cooler, you lose heat to the air. A change in a body’s level of heat results in a change in the energy of its molecules. This gives rise to a temperature change, which may in turn lead to a change of state.

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A heat engine
1. In thermodynamics, a heat engine is a system that performs the conversion of heat or thermal energy to mechanical work. It does this by bringing a working substance from a high temperature state to a lower temperature state. A heat «source» generates thermal energy that brings the working substance in the high temperature state. The working substance generates work in the «working body» of the engine while transferring heat to the colder «sink» until it reaches a low temperature state. During this process some of the thermal energy is converted into work by exploiting the properties of the working substance. The working substance can be any system with a non-zero heat capacity, but it usually is a gas or liquid.
2. In general an engine converts energy to mechanical work. Heat engines distinguish themselves from other types of engines by the fact that their efficiency is fundamentally limited by Carnot's theorem. Although this efficiency limitation can be a drawback, an advantage of heat engines is that most forms of energy can be easily converted to heat by processes like exothermic reactions (such as combustion), absorption of light or energetic particles, friction, dissipation and resistance. Since the heat source that supplies thermal energy to the engine can thus be powered by virtually any kind of energy, heat engines are very versatile and have a wide range of applicability.
3. Heat engines are often confused with the cycles they attempt to mimic. Typically when describing the physical device the term «engine» is used. When describing the model the term «cycle» is used.
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Man has always been a builder. The kind of house he built depended upon climate, upon his enemies, and upon building materials at hand. The first houses in many parts of the world were made of wood. Men tied together the tops of several trees and covered them with the skins of animals or with leaves and grass.
In other regions the most convenient building material was stone. Men began building houses of stone very long ago. Although they were built without cement, the remains of a few of them still exist.

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Yamasaki was different from other architects. His buildings give people a feeling of peace and happiness. Many of his designs have pools of water, flowers, and windows on roof to let in light. He always designed buildings to please people. He wanted to give them a place away from the busy ways of modern life.

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The combination of metals and non-metals is known as an alloy. For example, steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. The alloy of copper and zinc is known as brass. The properties of alloys are often better than the properties of their constituents. That is why the majority of engineering products are made of various alloys.

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There is a lot of carbon (about 85%) in diesel fuel. There is also a lot of carbon in petrol. There is a little sulphur (about 1%) in diesel fuel and there is no sulphur in petrol. There is a great deal of petrol (about 95%) and a little oil (about 5%) in the fuel mixture for two-stroke engines. There is no oil in the fuel for four-stroke engines. There is a great deal of air (90%) and not much fuel (10%) in the fuel and air mixture.