Вопрос № 256484 - Английский язык

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Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) was a British nurse and hospital reformer. At the age of 34, she took a party of volunteers to work in British military hospitals in Turkey during the Crimean War. She improved the terrible conditions there, reducing the death rate by 40%. She returned to Britain in 1856 to enormous public acclaim and devoted the rest of her life to improving the army’s medical service and developing civic training for nurses and midwives. She founded the Nightingale School for Nurses at St Thomas’s Hospital, London. In 1907, she became the first woman to receive the Order of Merit.
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What did Florence Nightingale improve in British military hospitals in Turkey?

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1_______? One hundred years ago the first professional School for nurses was founded at one of the hospitals in London by a young English woman Florence Nightingale. 2_______. She was one of the greatest women in the history of England.
3_______. Miss Nightingale never gave an injection, never took blood pressure or made an electrocardiogram, but she did her best establishing a more reasonable and hopeful way of handling all kinds of illness. 4_______. She was the first to establish the nursing profession.

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During Lister’s early days as a surgeon, silk ligatures were used. Their ends were left outside the wound until the surgeon could pull them out. This system was not good.
Lister knew that the human body could absorb foreign particles. He wondered whether antiseptic silk might be absorbed too.
In 1867, he made the first experiment. The patient was an old horse. Lister cut open the horse’s neck and tied a silk signature around an artery. He sewed up the opening. One stormy night many years later when Lister was in bed with the flu he learned that the horse was dying. Lister rushed to the stable and by the light of a lantern he opened up the neck of the horse. He saw what he had hoped to see: the silk had been neatly walled off by surrounding tissue. Now he knew that it was no longer necessary to remove the ligatures used inside the body.
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Lister cut open the horse’s neck _______.

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Beside his work on antiseptics, Joseph Lister made many other contributions to the surgery. Among them was the use of catgut ligature.
To find a material stronger than silk, Lister experimented for over a year. Finally he found catgut. Lister became famous all over the world. Surgeons could now do different operations thanks to antiseptic methods. Lister had become a national and world hero. Gradually, other surgeons began to adopt Lister’s methods. They learned that germs in the air were not the chief danger. The big danger came from germs that might be on the hands or clothes of the surgeons or on the surgical instruments or bandages.
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Gradually, other surgeons began _______.

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There are only six public holidays a year in Great Britain. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Spring Bank Holiday and Late Summer Bank Holiday.
Most of these holidays are of religious origin though it would be right to say that for the greater part of the population they have long lost their religious significance and are simply days on which people relax, eat, drink, and make merry.
Besides public holidays there are other festivals, anniversaries, celebrations and simply days, for example, Pancake Day and Bonfire Night, on which certain traditions are observed, but unless they fall on a Sunday, they are ordinary working days.
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Besides public holidays there are other festivals, anniversaries, celebrations and simply days on which certain traditions are observed, but unless they fall on a Sunday, they are ordinary _________________.

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Out of six public holidays Christmas Day in Britain was a festival long before the conversion to Christianity. It is not surprising that many social customs connected with the celebration of Christmas go back to pagan times, as, for instance, the giving of presents and having a real spree once a year.
The idea of using a fir-tree for Christmas came to Britain from Germany. When the princes of the German house of Honover became the English Royal Family, they helped to make the Christmas tree custom popular in England.
So every winter in Trafalgar Square, in front of the National Gallery an enormous fir-tree stands. It is a gift from the people of Oslo to London. The Christmas tree is brightly decorated. Its branches are draped with tinsel and hung with big brilliant stars and shining balls of various colours and different sizes.
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The idea of using a fir-tree for Christmas came ________________.