Вопрос № 223075 - Английский язык

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A basic law of electricity states that like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. Electrons emitted from the cathode of an electron tube are negative electric charges. These charges may be either attracted to or repelled from the plate of a diode tube, depending on whether the plate is positively or negatively charged.

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An electric current is a flow of electricity. There are two kinds of electricity, positive and negative. Glass rubbed with silk is positively charged, ebonite rubbed with fur is negatively charged.
Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. The leaf electroscope is used to detect, distinguish and measure charges.
The ultimate particle of negative electricity is called the electron; that of positive is called the proton.

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By applying a potential difference (voltage) from a battery or other source between the plate and cathode of a diode, an electric field is established within the tube. The lines of force of this field always extend from the negatively charged element to the positively charged element. Electrons, being negative electric charges, follow the direction of the lines of force in an electric field.

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The term space charge is applied to the cloud of electrons that is formed in the interelectrode space between cathode and plate. Since it is made up of electrons, this cloud constitutes a negative charge in the interelectrode space that has a repelling effect on the electrons being emitted from the cathode. The effect of this negative space charge alone, therefore, is to force a considerable portion of the emitted electrons back into the cathode and prevent others from reaching the plate.

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The control grid was added between the cathode and plate of a diode and so it provided the resulting triode tube with the ability to amplify tiny signals. The control grid in this tube is a circular spiral of a number of turns of fine wire that completely surround the cathode. Because of its open construction the grid does not directly hinder the flow of electrons to the plate, but when a voltage is placed on the grid it has a profound effect on the electric field between cathode and plate and, hence, on the total electron flow.

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A diode is a two-element electron tube that consists of a cathode and an anode or plate acting as an electron collector. By applying a positive voltage to the plate of a diode, an electric field is established between cathode and plate that attracts electrons emitted from the cathode to the plate.