Вопрос № 223871 - Английский язык

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The work of Italian scientist Galileo Galilei revolutionized astronomy. Galileo developed the telescope and made important discoveries about the planets and the sun. His observations confirmed the work of the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus who believed that the Earth and other planets revolve around the sun. This finding went against the Church’s teaching that the Earth is the center of the universe, and the Church punished Galileo. Galileo suggested the use of the pendulum in clocks and also discovered an important principle about gravity.
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What did Galileo Galilei believe?

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About 350 years ago, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) changed scientists’ attitudes towards Science. He developed the scientific method used to obtain theories that explain how nature works. This method, which is still in use today, includes the following steps:
– Identification of the problem.
– Formulation of a hypothesis based on collected and analysed data.
– Testing of the hypothesis to check its validity.
– Development of a theory.

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Isaac Newton (1642-1727). A passionately religious man in a time of great scientific discovery, Isaac Newton wanted to know how God’s universe worked. His quest for answers gave us the law of gravitation, calculus, a new theory of colour and light, and the three laws of motion that form the basis of modern mechanics. Brilliant and creative, the English physicist and mathematician synthesized the discoveries of Galileo, Kepler and others, formalizing and transforming physical science.

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Louis Paster (1822-1895). He was born practical problem-solver and theoretical genius. The French chemist discovered that heat would kill the unwanted micro- organisms that turned wine bitter. Soon the process of “pasteurization” was applied to many foods and drinks. Realizing that most diseases are caused by micro-organisms, he helped establish the germ theory. And using weakened microbes in vaccines to develop immunities, Paster saved countless lives and advanced the science of immunology.

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Thomas Edison (1847-1931). Because of him, the millennium will end in a wash of brilliant light rather than in torchlit of darkness as it began. In 1879, Thomas Edison gave humans the power to create light without fire, by inventing a long-lasting incandescent lamp. Among life’s many conveniences we can take for granted, thanks in part to him: copies, radio, movies, TV, phones (he improved Bell’s). On the night after his funerals, Americans dimmed their lights for the man who lit up the world.

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Omar Khayyam. When Malik Shah, the king of Persia, decided to make a new calendar for his people in the year 1079, he asked the famous mathematician and astronomer Omar Khayyam to help. Through careful mathematical calculations, Khayyam measured the length of the year as 365.24219858156 days. This was a very accurate measure. (We now know that a year is 365.242196 days.)