Вопрос № 223091 - Английский язык

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A resistor is one of the most common elements of any circuit. Resistors are used:
1. to reduce the value of current in the circuit;
2. to produce IR voltage drop and in this way to change the value of the voltage.
When current is passing through a resistor its temperature rises high. The higher the value of current the higher is the temperature of a resistor. Each resistor has a maximum temperature to which it may be heated without a trouble. If the temperature rises higher the resistor gets open and opens the circuit.
Resistors are rated in watts. The watt is the rate at which electric energy is supplied when a current of one ampere is passing at a potential difference of one volt.

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Current is a flow of electricity through a circuit. Let us consider two main types of current: direct and alternating. A direct current (d.c.) flows through a conducting circuit in one direction only. It flows provided a direct voltage source is applied to the circuit.
An alternating current (a.c.) is a current that changes its direction of flow through a circuit. It flows provided an alternating voltage source is applied to the circuit. Alternating current flows in cycles. The number of cycles per second is called the frequency of the current. In a 60-cycle alternating current circuit the current flows in one direction 60 times and in the other direction 60 times per second.

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Current is a flow of electricity through a circuit. Let us consider two main types of current: direct and alternating. A direct current (d.c.) flows through a conducting circuit in one direction only. It flows provided a direct voltage source is applied to the circuit.
An alternating current (a.c.) is a current that changes its direction of flow through a circuit. It flows provided an alternating voltage source is applied to the circuit. Alternating current flows in cycles. The number of cycles per second is called the frequency of the current. In a 60-cycle alternating current circuit the current flows in one direction 60 times and in the other direction 60 times per second.

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Alternating current (a.c.) is converted into direct current by means of a rectifier.
A half-wave rectifier consists of a diode in series with a resistance. In order to put a rectifier into operation, a source of a.c. should be applied to it. When an a.c. source is applied the diode begins to conduct. The rectifier passes currents during positive half-cycles of the applied voltage. That is why it is called a half-wave rectifier. When the device operates direct current (d.c.) flows in the same direction. It is a pulsating current. Since pulsations should be eliminated, a filter is applied. Pulsations are eliminated by means of this filter.

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Electronics is a rather young 1____________. It belongs to the twentieth century. Within a short period it has become a powerful means of progress.
Electronics surrounds us everywhere. Television, radio-receiving, tape-recording - are all based on 2_____________. The ideas of electronics are embodied in 3______________ technology and means of automation, biology and genetics which have 4______________ biotechnology as a new branch of the national economy.

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Electronic computers are widely used in 1____________ research, in planning and controlling our national economy. Very complicated electronic 2____________ control the work of huge plants and power stations; even whole industries are 3______________ by electronic robots. Planes and rockets are also electronically controlled.
Electronics has sharpened our vision and given us chance to see the microworld more clearly. It helps 4___________ discover new and puzzling phenomena of nature.