Вопрос № 223095 - Английский язык

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Electronic computers are widely used in scientific 1______________, in planning and controlling our national economy. Very complicated 2______________ systems control the work of huge plants and power stations; even whole industries are 3______________ by electronic robots. Planes and rockets are also electronically controlled.
4______________ has sharpened our vision and given us chance to see the microworld more clearly. It helps us discover new and puzzling phenomena of nature.

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Electronics surrounds us everywhere. Television, tape-recording, radio-receiving - electronics is at the heart of them all. But that is only a small part of 1_______________ and not the most important at that. Extremely complicated electronic 2________________ control the work of huge plants, enterprises and 3_______________ stations. Electronic 4________________ are indispensable for planning and controlling our national economy.

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Due to electronics the first man-made 1_____________ was launched into space, and now man has already set his foot on the Moon, sends probes to distant planets. Radioelectronic 2______________ ensure reliable communication with space probes at distances of millions of kilometers, relay 3_______________ of distant planets. The greatest 4______________ of electronics is in the field of communications.

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The range of radio 1______________ in space is extending more and more. There is every reason to believe that radio links may be set over 2________________ of 100 million kilometers or even more.
Now we cannot imagine our life without electronics.
But it all began with the 3_______________ of radio. It was our Russian scientist A.S. Popov who discovered the principles of wireless communication that finally led to the development of 4________________ tubes for use in various communication devices.

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1______________ is the technology of constructing electronic circuits and devices in extremely small packages by various techniques. This 2_______________ is also referred to as microminiaturization.
The increasing complexity of electronic systems over the past 30 years has made the evolution of microelectronics inevitable. During this 3_______________, the electron tubes in the early electronic systems have been replaced by solid-state discrete devices and integrated circuitry; and these, in turn, 4_____________ way to medium- and large-scale integrated circuitry.

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Microelectronics today encompasses thin-film, 1________________, hybrid, and integrated circuit technology. These approaches (and combinations of them) are being applied in 2____________ branch of electronics.
Integrated circuits that combine all the 3__________________ of a complete electronic circuit on a single chip of silicon can be produced. The implications of this in the microelectronic evolution are easily 4_______________. Let us compare a conventional J/K flip-flop circuit incorporating solid-state discrete devices and the same type of circuit employing integrated circuitry.