Вопрос № 223374 - Английский язык

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During the 18th and 19th centuries, many changes were made to false teeth, though some of these were not really improvements. Towards the end of the 19th century, for example, cheap celluloid teeth were introduced. But they caught fire very easily and a number of men were badly burned when their teeth caught fire while they were smoking cigarettes.
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What had happened to a number of men while they were smoking?

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The first teeth erupt between 6 to 9 months. These are lower central incisors. The gums look a bit swollen for a few days, and then tiny white spot appears, which the tooth is. Over the next 3 – 4 months the teeth erupt with great rapidity the central pair, the upper central pair and then two more on each side in the lower and upper jaws – making a total of 8 incisors.
The entire set of 20 teeth erupts by the age of 2.5 years. These are primary teeth.

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At one time in England dentists pulled out people’s teeth in public, without giving them anything to stop the pain. Sometimes one of the dentist’s assistants hit a drum loudly so that people in the crowd would not hear the cries of pain. Another assistant held the patient down as the dentist pulled out teeth.
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Why did one of the dentist’s assistants hit a drum loudly?

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During the 18th and 19th centuries, many changes were made to false teeth, though some of these were not really improvements. Towards the end of the 19th century, for example, cheap celluloid teeth were introduced. But they caught fire very easily and a number of men were badly burned when their teeth caught fire while they were smoking cigarettes.
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What had happened to a number of men while they were smoking?

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The greatest of Latin medical writers was without doubt Aulus Cornelius Celsus who lived in Rome at the beginning of our era.
Celsus was an outstanding encyclopedist of his time. Without being a practitioner, he was, however, a friend of physicians, a man of vast culture. He knew natural sciences and medicine and always expressed himself freely on different medical questions. – The complete work of Celsus, called ‘De artibus’, included agriculture, the military art, philosophy as well as medicine. The book that treats medicine, ‘De medicina libri octo’,was probably written in the reign of Tiberus between A.D. 25 and 35. The work was almost ignored by contemporary physicians, perhaps because nearly all of them as Greeks looked down on the work of a Roman. For centuries it was in oblivion. Only in the fifteenth century Celsus’ work on medicine was published in Florence.
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Why was his work ignored by contemporary physicians?

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Celsus divides the diseases that can be helped into general and local diseases. In the chapter on the diseases to be treated with drugs, lie examines those diseases which need immediate treatment, diseases’ presenting acute or chronic manifestations, accidental or traumatic manifestations, diseases with external phenomena.
Finally, in the last class of diseases, which we call surgical, Celsus made a new subdivision into the diseases of the bones and of the organs.
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What subdivision did Celsus make in the last class of diseases, which we call surgical?