Вопрос № 223105 - Английский язык

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The realm of 1 ______________ of to-day influences almost, every aspect of human activity, while it was only in the beginning of our century that the 2______________ idea, which was 3______________ into one of the most astonishing sciences of our time, was conceived. It was our Russian scientist A. S. Popov, who discovered the principle of wireless 4______________ that finally led to the development of electronic tubes for use in various communication devices.

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The range of radio 1______________ in space is extending more and more. There is every reason to believe that radio links may be set over 2________________ of 100 million kilometers or even more.
Now we cannot imagine our life without electronics.
But it all began with the 3_______________ of radio. It was our Russian scientist A.S. Popov who discovered the principles of wireless communication that finally led to the development of 4________________ tubes for use in various communication devices.

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Intensive 1______________ of radio-location began in the early forties. All these years the vacuum 2_______________ was the heart of electronics and, hence, the field of 3______________ was usually defined as the study of the motion of electrons in vacuum tubes. However, it was found that small, controlled 4______________ of gas introduced into a "vacuum tube" could make it perform switching, rectifying and other jobs. To include the category of gas-filled tubes, "vacuum tubes" became converted to "electron tubes" and the science of electronics was expanded to include the study of electron motion in gases.

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The first semiconductor 1______________ was invented in 1948. It meant another important advance in the development of 2_____________. Semiconductors possess a number of valuable 3______________ over electron vacuum tubes, - miniature dimensions and high 4______________. Thus electronics became the study of electron motion in solids. The realm of electronics widened still more. This opened up other fields of application for electronics.

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A laser is a quantum electronic 1______________. It is a machine for making and concentrating light 2______________ into a very intense beam. The letters LASER stand for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The light 3______________ by a laser is much more intense than ordinary light. With ordinary light, all the light waves are of 4_____________ lengths. With lasers, all the light waves are of the same length, and this increases the intensity.

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1____________ is an extremely simple-looking 2_______________. It is nothing more than a cylinder of synthetic ruby about 1/4 inches in 3_____________ and 1 1/2 inches long mounted in the centre of a spiral coil of glass. The coil is a xenon-filled flash 4_______________, very much like the ones used by photographers for taking flash pictures.