Ответы на тесты по предмету Английский язык (18796 вопросов)
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Greenhouse effect is the term for the role the atmosphere in warming the earth's surface. The atmosphere is largely transparent to incoming short-wave solar radiation, which heats the earth's surface. Much of this radiation is reflected back by gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone in the atmosphere. This heating effect is at the root of the theories concerning global warming.
Greenhouse effect is the term for the role the atmosphere in warming the earth's surface. The atmosphere is largely transparent to incoming short-wave solar radiation, which heats the earth's surface. Much of this radiation is reflected back by gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone in the atmosphere. This heating effect is at the root of the theories concerning global warming.
Heating Effect
Global Warning
Ecological Problems
Greenhouse Effect
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The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing by 0.4 per cent a year because of the use of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. The cutting of tropical forests has also been a contributing factor in the carbon cycle. Other gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect, such as methane and halocarbons, are increasing even faster. The net effect of these increases could be a worldwide rise in temperature, estimated at 2° to 6° С (4° to 11 0 F) over the next 100 years. Warming of this magnitude would alter climates throughout the world, affect crop production, and cause sea levels to rise significantly. If this happened, millions of people would be badly affected by flooding.
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing by 0.4 per cent a year because of the use of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. The cutting of tropical forests has also been a contributing factor in the carbon cycle. Other gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect, such as methane and halocarbons, are increasing even faster. The net effect of these increases could be a worldwide rise in temperature, estimated at 2° to 6° С (4° to 11 0 F) over the next 100 years. Warming of this magnitude would alter climates throughout the world, affect crop production, and cause sea levels to rise significantly. If this happened, millions of people would be badly affected by flooding.
Climate
Gases
The Rises in Temperature
The Implications of Greenhouse Effect
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Global warming is an increase in the earth's temperature due to the use of fossil fuels and other industrial processes leading to a build-up of "greenhouse gases" (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) in the atmosphere. It has been known since 1896 that carbon dioxide helps stop the sun's infrared radiation from escaping into space and thus functions to maintain the Earth's relatively warm temperature (this is called the greenhouse effect). The question is whether the increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will lead to elevated global temperatures, which could result major climatic changes, and have serious problems for agricultural productivity.
Global warming is an increase in the earth's temperature due to the use of fossil fuels and other industrial processes leading to a build-up of "greenhouse gases" (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) in the atmosphere. It has been known since 1896 that carbon dioxide helps stop the sun's infrared radiation from escaping into space and thus functions to maintain the Earth's relatively warm temperature (this is called the greenhouse effect). The question is whether the increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will lead to elevated global temperatures, which could result major climatic changes, and have serious problems for agricultural productivity.
Gases
Problems of Agricultural Productivity
Climatic Changes
Global Warning
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Since 1850 there has been a mean rise in global temperature of approximately 1 0 С (1.8° F), but this rise could just be part of a natural fluctuation. Such fluctuations have been recorded for tens of thousands of years. The potential consequences of global warming are so great that many of the world's top scientists have urged immediate action, and have called for international cooperation on the problem.
Since 1850 there has been a mean rise in global temperature of approximately 1 0 С (1.8° F), but this rise could just be part of a natural fluctuation. Such fluctuations have been recorded for tens of thousands of years. The potential consequences of global warming are so great that many of the world's top scientists have urged immediate action, and have called for international cooperation on the problem.
Scientists
Temperature
Natural Fluctuation
The Consequences of Global Warming
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Every year more and more plants and animals disappear forever. Strangely, it is the most intelligent but most thoughtless animal that is causing most of the problems - man. Nature is very carefully balanced and if this balance is disturbed, animals can disappear alarmingly fast. Every day, thousands of species of animals draw closer to extinction. In many lakes fish are dying. Fishermen are worried because every year there are fewer fish and some lakes have no fish at all. Scientists are beginning to get worried too. What is killing the fish? The problem is acid rain.
Every year more and more plants and animals disappear forever. Strangely, it is the most intelligent but most thoughtless animal that is causing most of the problems - man. Nature is very carefully balanced and if this balance is disturbed, animals can disappear alarmingly fast. Every day, thousands of species of animals draw closer to extinction. In many lakes fish are dying. Fishermen are worried because every year there are fewer fish and some lakes have no fish at all. Scientists are beginning to get worried too. What is killing the fish? The problem is acid rain.
Nature
Acid rains
Fish
Ecological Catastrophe
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Acid rain is a kind of air pollution. It is caused by factories that burn coal, oil and gas. These factories send smoke high into the air. The wind often carries the smoke far from the factories. Some of the harmful substances in the smoke may come down with the rain hundreds of miles away.
Acid rain is a kind of air pollution. It is caused by factories that burn coal, oil and gas. These factories send smoke high into the air. The wind often carries the smoke far from the factories. Some of the harmful substances in the smoke may come down with the rain hundreds of miles away.
Smoke
The Wind
Nature
Acid Rain
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The rain in many places isn’t natural and clean any more. It’s full of acid chemicals. When it falls in lakes, it changes them too. The lakes become more acidic. Acid water is like vinegar or lemon juice. It hurts when it gets in your eyes. It also kills the plants and animals that usually live in lake water. That is why the fish are dying in lakes. Dead fish may be just the beginning of the problem.
The rain in many places isn’t natural and clean any more. It’s full of acid chemicals. When it falls in lakes, it changes them too. The lakes become more acidic. Acid water is like vinegar or lemon juice. It hurts when it gets in your eyes. It also kills the plants and animals that usually live in lake water. That is why the fish are dying in lakes. Dead fish may be just the beginning of the problem.
Fish
Acid Chemicals
The Disappearance of Fish
The Consequences of Acid Rains
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Scientists are finding other effects of acid rain. In some large areas trees are dying. Not just one tree here and there, but whole forests. At first scientists couldn’t understand why. There were no bugs or diseases in these trees. The weather was not dry. But now they think that the rain was the cause. Acid rain is making the earth more acidic in these areas. Some kinds of trees cannot live in the soil that is very acidic.
Scientists are finding other effects of acid rain. In some large areas trees are dying. Not just one tree here and there, but whole forests. At first scientists couldn’t understand why. There were no bugs or diseases in these trees. The weather was not dry. But now they think that the rain was the cause. Acid rain is making the earth more acidic in these areas. Some kinds of trees cannot live in the soil that is very acidic.
The Weather
Forests
Acid Rain
Effects of Acid Rain
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People have always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. People lived in uncrowded rural areas and did not have pollution - causing machines. With the development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more important. Automobiles and other new inventions make pollution steadily worse. Since the late 1960’s people have become alarmed with the danger of pollution.
People have always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. People lived in uncrowded rural areas and did not have pollution - causing machines. With the development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more important. Automobiles and other new inventions make pollution steadily worse. Since the late 1960’s people have become alarmed with the danger of pollution.
Industrial Cities
Surroundings
People
The Danger of Pollution
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Air, water, and soil are necessary for existance of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food can not be grown. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet.
Air, water, and soil are necessary for existance of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food can not be grown. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet.
Polluted Soil
Polluted Air
Polluted Water
Environmental Pollution
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Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Automobiles are polluting the air but they provide transportation for the people. Factories pollute the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and produce necessary goods. Fertilizers and pesticides are important for growing crops but they can ruin soil. Thus, people would have to stop using many useful things if they wanted to end pollution immediately. Most people do not want that of course. But pollution can be reduced gradually. Scientists and engineers can find the ways to reduce pollution from automobiles and factories. Government can pass the laws that would make enterprises take measures for reducing of pollution. Individuals and groups of people can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities.
Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Automobiles are polluting the air but they provide transportation for the people. Factories pollute the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and produce necessary goods. Fertilizers and pesticides are important for growing crops but they can ruin soil. Thus, people would have to stop using many useful things if they wanted to end pollution immediately. Most people do not want that of course. But pollution can be reduced gradually. Scientists and engineers can find the ways to reduce pollution from automobiles and factories. Government can pass the laws that would make enterprises take measures for reducing of pollution. Individuals and groups of people can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities.
Pollution
Factories
Government’s Laws
What We Must to Do to Stop Polluting Activities
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Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase.
The pollution of air and the world’s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man’s careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crises.
Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase.
The pollution of air and the world’s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man’s careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crises.
The Pollution of Air
The Pollution of Ocean
Environment
Man’s Interference in Nature
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Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables on.
Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.
Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables on.
Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.
Polluted Air
World Industry
Polluted Water
Industrial Enterprises’ Activity
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The most horrible ecological disaster befell Ukraine and its people after the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986. About 18 percent of the territory of Belarus were also polluted with radioactive substances. A great damage has been done to the agriculture, forests and people’s health. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power-station are tragic for the Ukrainian, Belarussian and other nations.
The most horrible ecological disaster befell Ukraine and its people after the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986. About 18 percent of the territory of Belarus were also polluted with radioactive substances. A great damage has been done to the agriculture, forests and people’s health. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power-station are tragic for the Ukrainian, Belarussian and other nations.
Radioactive Substances
Ukraine
Atomic Power-Station
The Results of the Chernobyl Tragedy
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Environmental protection is of a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.
Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries - members of the UNO - have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organisation Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.
Environmental protection is of a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.
Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries - members of the UNO - have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organisation Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.
Environmental Protection Agencies
The Environment
Greenpeace
The Creation of a System of Ecological Security
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Mankind long believed that, whatever we did, the Earth would remain much the same. We know now that is untrue. Nature is under threat. One country’s pollution can be every country’s problem. So we all need to work together to safeguard our environment.
We have a moral duty to look after our planet and hand it on in good order to future generation.
Mankind long believed that, whatever we did, the Earth would remain much the same. We know now that is untrue. Nature is under threat. One country’s pollution can be every country’s problem. So we all need to work together to safeguard our environment.
We have a moral duty to look after our planet and hand it on in good order to future generation.
The Earth
The Environment
Nature
The Necessity to Safeguard Environment
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We have a moral duty to look after our planet and hand it on in good order to future generation. That does not mean trying to halt economic growth. We need growth to give us the means to live better and healthier lives. We must not sacrifice our future well-being for short-term gains, nor pile up environmental debts which will burden our children. Where there are real threats to our planet we have to take great care. Prevention can often be better and cheaper than cure. But action in Britain is not enough. The Government will play a full part in working out international solutions through bodies like the United Nations, the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the European Community.
We have a moral duty to look after our planet and hand it on in good order to future generation. That does not mean trying to halt economic growth. We need growth to give us the means to live better and healthier lives. We must not sacrifice our future well-being for short-term gains, nor pile up environmental debts which will burden our children. Where there are real threats to our planet we have to take great care. Prevention can often be better and cheaper than cure. But action in Britain is not enough. The Government will play a full part in working out international solutions through bodies like the United Nations, the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the European Community.
Planet
Nature
Environmental Debts
Ecological Activity
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Britain attaches particular importance to the environmental policy of the European Community.
Much has already been achieved: since Britain joined, the Community has adopted some 280 environmental measures, including far-reaching-legislation to combat acid rain, curb pollution from cars and industry, conserve wildlife and ensure public access to information about the environment.
Britain attaches particular importance to the environmental policy of the European Community.
Much has already been achieved: since Britain joined, the Community has adopted some 280 environmental measures, including far-reaching-legislation to combat acid rain, curb pollution from cars and industry, conserve wildlife and ensure public access to information about the environment.
Britain
Acid Rain
The Environment
Britain’s Ecological Activity
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The European Court of Human Rights was 1________ by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and was 2________ in Strasbourg in 1959. The Convention, which was drawn up by the 3________ of Europe in 1950, was inspired by the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and protects many 4_______ rights as the right to life, freedom from torture and slavery, the right to a fair trial etc.
The European Court of Human Rights was 1________ by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and was 2________ in Strasbourg in 1959. The Convention, which was drawn up by the 3________ of Europe in 1950, was inspired by the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and protects many 4_______ rights as the right to life, freedom from torture and slavery, the right to a fair trial etc.
established
set up
Council
essential
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Government is the 1_________through which the public will be expressed and made effective. Sometimes the 2__________ will be voiced by the people directly, through the agency of the initiave and referendum, but more often it is made by manifest by action of their elected representatives in 3__________, 4________ and municipal councils.
Government is the 1_________through which the public will be expressed and made effective. Sometimes the 2__________ will be voiced by the people directly, through the agency of the initiave and referendum, but more often it is made by manifest by action of their elected representatives in 3__________, 4________ and municipal councils.
mechanism
public
parliaments
legislatures
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There are various ways in which criminal offences may be classified. From the point of view of procedure, criminal 1_________ may be 2________ into indictable, summary and hybrid offences. Indictable offences are those which 3__________ be tried on indictment, i.e. by a jury; this is the only category known to the common law, and it includes all the most 4_________ offences.
There are various ways in which criminal offences may be classified. From the point of view of procedure, criminal 1_________ may be 2________ into indictable, summary and hybrid offences. Indictable offences are those which 3__________ be tried on indictment, i.e. by a jury; this is the only category known to the common law, and it includes all the most 4_________ offences.
offences
divided
may
serious
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At common law, with few exceptions, every crime is compounded of two 1_________, viz, a certain “actus reus” and a certain “mens rea”. That is to say, the crime 2_______ some form of conduct accompanied by a certain state of mind on the part of the doer. Both the conduct and the mental element differ from crime to 3_________ and can be ascertained only by studying the definition of the 4_________ crime.
At common law, with few exceptions, every crime is compounded of two 1_________, viz, a certain “actus reus” and a certain “mens rea”. That is to say, the crime 2_______ some form of conduct accompanied by a certain state of mind on the part of the doer. Both the conduct and the mental element differ from crime to 3_________ and can be ascertained only by studying the definition of the 4_________ crime.
elements
consists of
crime
particular
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A 1_________ will not be held criminally liable unless his conduct can fairly be regarded as having caused that event which it is the policy of the criminal law to prevent. This gives rise to the very 2_________ problem of causation. The 3_______ cannot be said to have evolved any scientific principles on this subject, and are very much gulded by their sense of fairness in the 4__________ case.
A 1_________ will not be held criminally liable unless his conduct can fairly be regarded as having caused that event which it is the policy of the criminal law to prevent. This gives rise to the very 2_________ problem of causation. The 3_______ cannot be said to have evolved any scientific principles on this subject, and are very much gulded by their sense of fairness in the 4__________ case.
person
difficult
judges
individual
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Marriage creates a status which may affect 1________ rights of the parties and their duties with respect to other 2_________. Therefore we must 3_______ the legal effects of relationship first of husband and wife and then of parents and 4_________.
Marriage creates a status which may affect 1________ rights of the parties and their duties with respect to other 2_________. Therefore we must 3_______ the legal effects of relationship first of husband and wife and then of parents and 4_________.
the legal
persons
consider
child
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Law may be broken into Criminal law and Civil law. Civil law may be broken into 1________ law, Contract law and Tort law. Each of these three may be 2________ into law and equity components. But it is Property law which 3_______ the need for the other many types of Civil Law. It is the right of 4_______ property ownership which gives the need for Property law.
Law may be broken into Criminal law and Civil law. Civil law may be broken into 1________ law, Contract law and Tort law. Each of these three may be 2________ into law and equity components. But it is Property law which 3_______ the need for the other many types of Civil Law. It is the right of 4_______ property ownership which gives the need for Property law.
Property
broken
brings
private
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Law may be said to consist of rules for the 1_______ of man in his 2_______ with other men and in his relation to organized society. A single person, if isolated, would be 3________ by such rules, since they operate only in the presence of other persons. Of course, there are 4________ pertaining to physical matters, but with these we are not concerned.
Law may be said to consist of rules for the 1_______ of man in his 2_______ with other men and in his relation to organized society. A single person, if isolated, would be 3________ by such rules, since they operate only in the presence of other persons. Of course, there are 4________ pertaining to physical matters, but with these we are not concerned.
guidance
relations
unaffected
laws
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In an organized state, agencies, such as 1_______, sheriffs and other public officials, are created 2________ persons for 3________ the rules of conduct determined by organized society. These rules of 4_______, known as rules of law, are formulated by ever – developing process.
In an organized state, agencies, such as 1_______, sheriffs and other public officials, are created 2________ persons for 3________ the rules of conduct determined by organized society. These rules of 4_______, known as rules of law, are formulated by ever – developing process.
courts
to punish
violating
conduct
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Criminal punishment of 1_________ who have committed crimes is one of the 2___________ of state compulsion in the campaign against crime. Any criminal 3___________ is always associated with the restriction of the rights and interest of convicted persons. This aspect of punishment must be regarded as 4____________ for the offence committed.
Criminal punishment of 1_________ who have committed crimes is one of the 2___________ of state compulsion in the campaign against crime. Any criminal 3___________ is always associated with the restriction of the rights and interest of convicted persons. This aspect of punishment must be regarded as 4____________ for the offence committed.
persons
forms
punishment
retribution
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The Court consists of 15 1_______ elected for a 2_________ term by the General Assembly and the Security Council, each organ voting independently. The judges are 3________ on the basis of their nationality. No two of the judges may be 4_________ of the same state.
The Court consists of 15 1_______ elected for a 2_________ term by the General Assembly and the Security Council, each organ voting independently. The judges are 3________ on the basis of their nationality. No two of the judges may be 4_________ of the same state.
judges
nine-year
elected
nationals
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English is one of the most widely used 1_______________ in the world. Over 337 million people 2________________ English as their first language, and about 350 million people speak it as a second language. America has the largest number of English 3______________ - over 226 million speak the language as 4______________. India was a British colony for along time. Now English is the second official language in India. About 3,000 newspapers are published in India in the English language.
English is one of the most widely used 1_______________ in the world. Over 337 million people 2________________ English as their first language, and about 350 million people speak it as a second language. America has the largest number of English 3______________ - over 226 million speak the language as 4______________. India was a British colony for along time. Now English is the second official language in India. About 3,000 newspapers are published in India in the English language.
languages
speak
speakers
a mother tongue
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English is the language of 1_______________ commerce. Over 80 per cent of the world's electronically stored 2_______________ is in English and two-thirds of the world's scientists read in English. English is an 3_______________ language in over 75 of the world's territories. If the rest of the World is not talking English, they are borrowing English words to add to their own 4______________. For example, the Japanese go on a "pikunikku" (picnic). Almost all computer terms in Russian are taken from English.
English is the language of 1_______________ commerce. Over 80 per cent of the world's electronically stored 2_______________ is in English and two-thirds of the world's scientists read in English. English is an 3_______________ language in over 75 of the world's territories. If the rest of the World is not talking English, they are borrowing English words to add to their own 4______________. For example, the Japanese go on a "pikunikku" (picnic). Almost all computer terms in Russian are taken from English.
international
information
official
language
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Over 350 million people in the world speak English as 1_______________. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, in the United States of America, 2______________ and New Zealand. English is one of the 3______________ languages in the Irish Republic, Canada and South African Republic. As a second language it is 4_____________ in the former British and US colonies.
Over 350 million people in the world speak English as 1_______________. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, in the United States of America, 2______________ and New Zealand. English is one of the 3______________ languages in the Irish Republic, Canada and South African Republic. As a second language it is 4_____________ in the former British and US colonies.
a mother tongue
Australia
official
used
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English is the major international language for 1____________ in such areas as science, technology, business and mass media. English is used as one of the 2____________ languages of the United Nations Organization and other 3____________ organizations. It is the 4____________ of computer software, literature, education, modern music and international tourism.
English is the major international language for 1____________ in such areas as science, technology, business and mass media. English is used as one of the 2____________ languages of the United Nations Organization and other 3____________ organizations. It is the 4____________ of computer software, literature, education, modern music and international tourism.
communication
official
political
language
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Learning a 1_______________ language is a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience. But every 2______________ person, every good 3_______________ has to know English because it is absolutely necessary nowadays. It is well known that reading books and magazines in the original, watching films and talking with the native 4______________ helps a lot. When learning a foreign language you learn the culture and history of the country where this language is spoken.
Learning a 1_______________ language is a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and patience. But every 2______________ person, every good 3_______________ has to know English because it is absolutely necessary nowadays. It is well known that reading books and magazines in the original, watching films and talking with the native 4______________ helps a lot. When learning a foreign language you learn the culture and history of the country where this language is spoken.
foreign
educated
specialist
speakers
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There are numerous 1_______________ about the difficulties of people travelling in foreign countries without 2_______________ of the language of that country. Here's the story of a Frenchman travelling in the United States who, while eating in a restaurant, wished to order some mushrooms. Unable to make himself 3_______________, he asked for a pencil and paper and carefully drew a picture of a mushroom. His drawing, however, was not too good, for the puzzled waiter 4_______________ in about ten minutes, not with an order of mushrooms, but with a large man's umbrella.
There are numerous 1_______________ about the difficulties of people travelling in foreign countries without 2_______________ of the language of that country. Here's the story of a Frenchman travelling in the United States who, while eating in a restaurant, wished to order some mushrooms. Unable to make himself 3_______________, he asked for a pencil and paper and carefully drew a picture of a mushroom. His drawing, however, was not too good, for the puzzled waiter 4_______________ in about ten minutes, not with an order of mushrooms, but with a large man's umbrella.
anecdotes
knowledge
understood
returned
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There are numerous anecdotes about the difficulties of people travelling in foreign 1___________ without knowledge of the language of that country. A story concerns two Americans 2__________ in Spain. They were both unable to speak a word of Spanish and one day, while eating in a 3___________ in a small village, they were having considerable difficulty in 4__________ to the waiter what they wanted. One of them wanted a glass of milk. The waiter seemed unable to understand. Finally, on the back of the menu the man drew a picture of a cow. The poor waiter, however, still seemed puzzled. Finally he left and was gone from the restaurant for half an hour or so. He returned very pleased with himself. There were two tickets for a bullfight in his hand.
There are numerous anecdotes about the difficulties of people travelling in foreign 1___________ without knowledge of the language of that country. A story concerns two Americans 2__________ in Spain. They were both unable to speak a word of Spanish and one day, while eating in a 3___________ in a small village, they were having considerable difficulty in 4__________ to the waiter what they wanted. One of them wanted a glass of milk. The waiter seemed unable to understand. Finally, on the back of the menu the man drew a picture of a cow. The poor waiter, however, still seemed puzzled. Finally he left and was gone from the restaurant for half an hour or so. He returned very pleased with himself. There were two tickets for a bullfight in his hand.
countries
travelling
restaurant
explaining
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Today it is quite 1____________ that everyone should know at least one foreign language.
Knowing one or more 2____________ languages makes it possible to get acquainted with different ways of thinking, to understand a new civilization. Learning a foreign language stimulates mental 3____________ and gives you a chance to appreciate a new literature, a different culture and to broaden your horizons. Besides, knowing foreign 4____________ has a practical value. It makes it easier to choose a profession and provides job promotion.
Today it is quite 1____________ that everyone should know at least one foreign language.
Knowing one or more 2____________ languages makes it possible to get acquainted with different ways of thinking, to understand a new civilization. Learning a foreign language stimulates mental 3____________ and gives you a chance to appreciate a new literature, a different culture and to broaden your horizons. Besides, knowing foreign 4____________ has a practical value. It makes it easier to choose a profession and provides job promotion.
evident
foreign
abilities
languages
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Today there are a lot of 1_____________ in Europe and Asia who know several languages. A person who knows several languages is called a 2_____________. They are not few. The name of Henrich Schlimann, a famous German 3_______________ who discovered Troy is known all over the world. It took him two years to learn the first two foreign languages. Later on it took him several weeks to master another foreign language. Among polyglots there are 4_______________. Thus, Cardinal Mezzophanti who lived in the middle of the last century knew 100 languages. Professor Hesstermann from Germany knew 132 languages. The more languages man knows the easier is the way he masters a new one.
Today there are a lot of 1_____________ in Europe and Asia who know several languages. A person who knows several languages is called a 2_____________. They are not few. The name of Henrich Schlimann, a famous German 3_______________ who discovered Troy is known all over the world. It took him two years to learn the first two foreign languages. Later on it took him several weeks to master another foreign language. Among polyglots there are 4_______________. Thus, Cardinal Mezzophanti who lived in the middle of the last century knew 100 languages. Professor Hesstermann from Germany knew 132 languages. The more languages man knows the easier is the way he masters a new one.
people
polyglot
archaeologist
champions
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It is very wise to 1______________ foreign languages. "Knowledge is power", one of the great men said. Speaking a foreign language one can not only 2______________ the papers, magazines and original books by outstanding writers, but as well watch 3________________ TV programs, travel easily in the 4_______________ parts of the world. Besides, understanding and speaking a foreign language or two became necessary while applying for a good and well-paid job.
It is very wise to 1______________ foreign languages. "Knowledge is power", one of the great men said. Speaking a foreign language one can not only 2______________ the papers, magazines and original books by outstanding writers, but as well watch 3________________ TV programs, travel easily in the 4_______________ parts of the world. Besides, understanding and speaking a foreign language or two became necessary while applying for a good and well-paid job.
learn
read
satellite
different
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The rise of 1______________ is a remarkable success story. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain nearly two thousand 2_______________ ago, English did not exist. Today English is used by at least 750 million people, and barely half of those speak it as a 3______________ tongue.
Some estimates have put that figure closer to one billion. Whatever the total, English at the end of the 20th century is more widely spoken and written, than any other language has ever been. It has become the 4_________________ of the planet, the first truly global language.
The rise of 1______________ is a remarkable success story. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain nearly two thousand 2_______________ ago, English did not exist. Today English is used by at least 750 million people, and barely half of those speak it as a 3______________ tongue.
Some estimates have put that figure closer to one billion. Whatever the total, English at the end of the 20th century is more widely spoken and written, than any other language has ever been. It has become the 4_________________ of the planet, the first truly global language.
English
years
mother
language
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Three-quarters of the world’s mail, and its telexes and cables, are in English. So are more than half the world’s 1_______________ and scientific periodicals: it is the language of technology from Silicon Valley to Shanghai. English is the medium for 80 per cent of the information stored in the world’s 2________________. Nearly half of all business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It is the 3______________ of sports and glamour, the official language of the Olympics and the Miss Universe Competition. English is the official voice of the air and the sea, and of Christianity: it is the ecumenical language of the World Council of Churches. The largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBS, ABC, BBC) transmit in English to audiences that regularly exceed one hundred 4_____________.
Three-quarters of the world’s mail, and its telexes and cables, are in English. So are more than half the world’s 1_______________ and scientific periodicals: it is the language of technology from Silicon Valley to Shanghai. English is the medium for 80 per cent of the information stored in the world’s 2________________. Nearly half of all business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It is the 3______________ of sports and glamour, the official language of the Olympics and the Miss Universe Competition. English is the official voice of the air and the sea, and of Christianity: it is the ecumenical language of the World Council of Churches. The largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBS, ABC, BBC) transmit in English to audiences that regularly exceed one hundred 4_____________.
technical
computers
language
million
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English is spoken practically all over the 1____________. It is spoken as the 2_____________ tongue in Great Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. A lot of people 3____________ English in China, Japan, India, Africa and other countries. It is one of 6 official languages of the United Nations. It is studied as a foreign 4_____________ in many schools.
English is spoken practically all over the 1____________. It is spoken as the 2_____________ tongue in Great Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. A lot of people 3____________ English in China, Japan, India, Africa and other countries. It is one of 6 official languages of the United Nations. It is studied as a foreign 4_____________ in many schools.
world
mother
speak
language
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England’s 1____________ helps to understand the present condition of English. Many English 2____________ were borrowed from the language of Angles and Saxons. Hundreds of French words 3___________ into English. These 4___________ words didn’t crowd out corresponding Anglo-Saxon words. There exist «act» and «deed», «beautiful» and «pretty», «form» and «shape».
England’s 1____________ helps to understand the present condition of English. Many English 2____________ were borrowed from the language of Angles and Saxons. Hundreds of French words 3___________ into English. These 4___________ words didn’t crowd out corresponding Anglo-Saxon words. There exist «act» and «deed», «beautiful» and «pretty», «form» and «shape».
history
words
came
French
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Many 1_____________ words were brought by traders and travellers. These 2____________ came from all parts of the 3____________: «umbrella» - from Italian, «skates» - from Dutch, «tea» - from Chinese, «cigar» - from Spanish.
Some words came into English directly from Latin, which was the 4___________ of the church and the universities in the Middle Ages.
Many 1_____________ words were brought by traders and travellers. These 2____________ came from all parts of the 3____________: «umbrella» - from Italian, «skates» - from Dutch, «tea» - from Chinese, «cigar» - from Spanish.
Some words came into English directly from Latin, which was the 4___________ of the church and the universities in the Middle Ages.
new
words
world
language
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Some of the English 1______________ of today are derivatives. One way of 2______________ new words is to put together two or more older English words. For example, the words «railway», «football», «newspaper» are made in this way.
Many of the 3______________ English words - especially new scientific ones - have been made from 4_______________ and Greek words instead of English ones. «Telephone» for instance, was made from Greek words «far» and «talk».
Some of the English 1______________ of today are derivatives. One way of 2______________ new words is to put together two or more older English words. For example, the words «railway», «football», «newspaper» are made in this way.
Many of the 3______________ English words - especially new scientific ones - have been made from 4_______________ and Greek words instead of English ones. «Telephone» for instance, was made from Greek words «far» and «talk».
words
creating
new
Latin
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Nowadays it’s very necessary to 1___________ a foreign language. Knowledge of 2____________ language helps us to develop 3___________ and understanding among people.
The total number of languages in the world is from 2500 to 5000. English is spoken all over the 4____________ and very popular. There is a proverb: «Knowledge is Power». I agree with it.
Nowadays it’s very necessary to 1___________ a foreign language. Knowledge of 2____________ language helps us to develop 3___________ and understanding among people.
The total number of languages in the world is from 2500 to 5000. English is spoken all over the 4____________ and very popular. There is a proverb: «Knowledge is Power». I agree with it.
know
foreign
friendship
world
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«Do you 1_____________ English?» - with this phrase begins the conversation between two 2_______________, who speak different languages and want to find a common 3______________.
It’s very good when you hear: «Yes, I do», and start talking. People of different 4______________ and nations have to get along well with the progress in world trade and technology as well as with each other.
«Do you 1_____________ English?» - with this phrase begins the conversation between two 2_______________, who speak different languages and want to find a common 3______________.
It’s very good when you hear: «Yes, I do», and start talking. People of different 4______________ and nations have to get along well with the progress in world trade and technology as well as with each other.
speak
people
language
countries
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It is very useful to 1_____________ foreign languages. Knowledge of foreign 2____________ helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people.
English is very popular now. It’s the language of computers, science, 3_____________, sport and politics. It’s spoken all over the world. It is the official language of the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States of America, Canada, Australia. There are more than 750 million speakers of English in the 4______________.
It is very useful to 1_____________ foreign languages. Knowledge of foreign 2____________ helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people.
English is very popular now. It’s the language of computers, science, 3_____________, sport and politics. It’s spoken all over the world. It is the official language of the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States of America, Canada, Australia. There are more than 750 million speakers of English in the 4______________.
learn
languages
business
world
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Speaking a foreign 1______________ you can read papers, magazines and original 2______________ by great writers, watch satellite TV programs. If you like 3______________ you can go anywhere without being afraid that other 4______________ will not understand you. English is very important to find a good job.
Speaking a foreign 1______________ you can read papers, magazines and original 2______________ by great writers, watch satellite TV programs. If you like 3______________ you can go anywhere without being afraid that other 4______________ will not understand you. English is very important to find a good job.
language
books
travelling
people
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In Russia the finest icons were produced from the mid-fourteenth century. Around that time a specific national style in icon painting was formed. Russian icon painting reached the highest point of its achievement in the mid-fifteenth century in the works of Theophanes of Greek, Andrei Rublev and Dionissy.
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In whose work did Russian icon painting reach the highest point of its achievement?
In Russia the finest icons were produced from the mid-fourteenth century. Around that time a specific national style in icon painting was formed. Russian icon painting reached the highest point of its achievement in the mid-fifteenth century in the works of Theophanes of Greek, Andrei Rublev and Dionissy.
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In whose work did Russian icon painting reach the highest point of its achievement?
Russian icon painting reached the highest point of its achievement in the works of the Wanderers.
Russian icon painting reached the highest point of its achievement in the works of a painter of the Russian scenery.
Russian icon painting reached the highest point of its achievement in the works of a prominent living painters.
Russian icon painting reached the highest point of its achievement in the works of Theophanes of Greek, Andrei Rublev and Dionissy.
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In 1422 A. Rublev was asked to return to his former monastery at Sergiev Posad to redecorate the walls of the Cathedral of the Trinity. At that time he painted his most famous icon “The Old Testament Trinity”. The subject of this icon is the visit of the three angels to Abraham. In this icon the severe Byzantine tradition has been transformed into something more intimately human.
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What is the subject of the Trinity?
In 1422 A. Rublev was asked to return to his former monastery at Sergiev Posad to redecorate the walls of the Cathedral of the Trinity. At that time he painted his most famous icon “The Old Testament Trinity”. The subject of this icon is the visit of the three angels to Abraham. In this icon the severe Byzantine tradition has been transformed into something more intimately human.
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What is the subject of the Trinity?
The subject of the Trinity is the discussion of personal problems.
The subject of the Trinity is the singing of lyrical songs.
The subject of the Trinity is the visit of the angels to the Cathedral of the Trinity.
The subject of the Trinity is the visit of the three angels to Abraham.
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From the eighteenth century, when Peter the Great introduced western tastes and forms in art and architecture, Russian art moved away from religion towards a secular tradition. Portrait painting, marines and townscapes were dominant genres. In the second half of the nineteenth century artists of the Wanderers (Peredvizhniki) group started painting scenes of contemporary life.
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When did Russian art move away from religion towards a secular tradition?
From the eighteenth century, when Peter the Great introduced western tastes and forms in art and architecture, Russian art moved away from religion towards a secular tradition. Portrait painting, marines and townscapes were dominant genres. In the second half of the nineteenth century artists of the Wanderers (Peredvizhniki) group started painting scenes of contemporary life.
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When did Russian art move away from religion towards a secular tradition?
Russian art moved away from religion towards a secular tradition when the Wanderers introduced new heroes into their art.
Russian art moved away from religion towards a secular tradition when Peter the Great developed the traditions of painters of the Russian realistic landscape school.
Russian art moved away from religion towards a secular tradition only at the end of the 20th century.
Russian art moved away from religion towards a secular tradition from the eighteenth century when Peter the Great introduced western tastes and forms in art and architecture.
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Surikov’s first large painting, the “Morning of the Streltsy Execution” (1881), was devoted to the time of Peter the Great. The picture “Menshikov in Beryozov” (1883), was devoted to Alexander Menshikov, the statesman at the time of Peter the Great. After the Tsar’s death, Menshikov fell in disgrace and was dismissed from all his posts and exiled to a remote part of Siberia.
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When was Alexander Menshikov exiled to a remote part of Siberia?
Surikov’s first large painting, the “Morning of the Streltsy Execution” (1881), was devoted to the time of Peter the Great. The picture “Menshikov in Beryozov” (1883), was devoted to Alexander Menshikov, the statesman at the time of Peter the Great. After the Tsar’s death, Menshikov fell in disgrace and was dismissed from all his posts and exiled to a remote part of Siberia.
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When was Alexander Menshikov exiled to a remote part of Siberia?
Alexander Menshikov was exiled to a remote part of Siberia when the Tsar dismissed his from all posts.
Alexander Menshikov was exiled to a remote part of Siberia when he fell in Tsar’s disgrace.
Alexander Menshikov was exiled to a remote part of Siberia after the Russian revolution.
Alexander Menshikov was exiled to a remote part of Siberia after the Tsar’s death.
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A master of the landscape, Levitan, never introduced figures into it. Though if you look at ‘The Autumn Day in Sokolniki”, everything seems to bring out the loneliness of the figure in the centre: the trees losing their leaves, the remote, indifferent sky, the path going off into the distance. But the fact is that it was not Levitan who painted the figure. It was Chekhov’s brother Nicolai who did it.
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Who painted the figure in “The Autumn Day in Sokolniki”?
A master of the landscape, Levitan, never introduced figures into it. Though if you look at ‘The Autumn Day in Sokolniki”, everything seems to bring out the loneliness of the figure in the centre: the trees losing their leaves, the remote, indifferent sky, the path going off into the distance. But the fact is that it was not Levitan who painted the figure. It was Chekhov’s brother Nicolai who did it.
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Who painted the figure in “The Autumn Day in Sokolniki”?
It was Levitan himself.
It was an unknown man.
It was Levitan’s friend.
It was Chekhov’s brother Nicolai who did it.
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Andrew Wyeth painted portraits, landscapes, seascapes and domestic scenery. His favourite media are tempera and water-colour. Wyeth’s works are easily recognized by dimly lit and deserted landscapes in tones of grey and brown, which convey feelings of loneliness and solitude. One of the keys to his works is that he creates mysteries that need resolution.
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What are Wyeth’s favourite media?
Andrew Wyeth painted portraits, landscapes, seascapes and domestic scenery. His favourite media are tempera and water-colour. Wyeth’s works are easily recognized by dimly lit and deserted landscapes in tones of grey and brown, which convey feelings of loneliness and solitude. One of the keys to his works is that he creates mysteries that need resolution.
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What are Wyeth’s favourite media?
His favourite media are water-colour and architecture.
His favourite media depend on his feelings.
His favourite media are oil painting and water-colour.
His favourite media are tempera and water-colour.
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Mary Cassatt began her career as a realistic painter. Later she started experimenting with light and colour. In 1877 Degas invited her to join the Impressionists. Mary Cassatt was the only American who exhibited with the French Impressionists. Cassatt took part in four of their exhibitions. There was something of Manet and Renoir in her works, but she developed her own style.
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How did Mary Cassatt’s career start?
Mary Cassatt began her career as a realistic painter. Later she started experimenting with light and colour. In 1877 Degas invited her to join the Impressionists. Mary Cassatt was the only American who exhibited with the French Impressionists. Cassatt took part in four of their exhibitions. There was something of Manet and Renoir in her works, but she developed her own style.
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How did Mary Cassatt’s career start?
Mary Cassatt began her career as an architect.
Mary Cassatt began her career as an Impressionist.
Mary Cassatt began her career as a colorist.
Mary Cassatt began her career as a realistic painter.
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One of the world-wide known museums is the Hermitage. The word “Hermitage” means a place of solitude. This name was given in the XVIII century by Catherine II to her private museum housed in a small building adjacent to the Winter Palace and accessible only to the chosen few. In the course of time, the Hermitage grew into one of the greatest museums of the world.
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What does the word “Hermitage” mean?
One of the world-wide known museums is the Hermitage. The word “Hermitage” means a place of solitude. This name was given in the XVIII century by Catherine II to her private museum housed in a small building adjacent to the Winter Palace and accessible only to the chosen few. In the course of time, the Hermitage grew into one of the greatest museums of the world.
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What does the word “Hermitage” mean?
The word “Hermitage” means a private museum.
The word “Hermitage” means a museum.
The word “Hermitage” means a small building adjacent to the Winter Palace.
The word “Hermitage” means a place of solitude.
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The Leonardo da Vinci Hall is one of the most gorgeous interiors. The hall is decorated in the style of 17 century French Baroque. The Hermitage possesses two, out of 12 or 14 works surviving from Leonardo. The Rembrandt collection is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum. It members 24 canvases.
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What collection is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum?
The Leonardo da Vinci Hall is one of the most gorgeous interiors. The hall is decorated in the style of 17 century French Baroque. The Hermitage possesses two, out of 12 or 14 works surviving from Leonardo. The Rembrandt collection is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum. It members 24 canvases.
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What collection is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum?
The collection out of 24 canvases is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum.
The collection in the style of French Baroque is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum.
The Leonardo da Vinci collection is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum.
The Rembrandt collection is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum.
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William Hogarth is one of the greatest English painters. In his pictures he reflected social life and in many of them the beauty of his painting was accompanied by satire. The “Marriage-a-la-Mode”, “The Election Entertainment” were painted to show the life very satirically. In 1742 Hogarth painted “The Graham Children” where he brilliantly used his delicate colours to show the charm of childhood.
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In what picture did Hogarth use his delicate colours to show the charm of childhood?
William Hogarth is one of the greatest English painters. In his pictures he reflected social life and in many of them the beauty of his painting was accompanied by satire. The “Marriage-a-la-Mode”, “The Election Entertainment” were painted to show the life very satirically. In 1742 Hogarth painted “The Graham Children” where he brilliantly used his delicate colours to show the charm of childhood.
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In what picture did Hogarth use his delicate colours to show the charm of childhood?
Hogarth didn’t use his delicate colours to show the charm of childhood.
Hogarth used his delicate colours in “conversation pictures” which were very popular in England.
Hogarth used his delicate colours in the “Marriage-a-la-Mode”.
Hogarth used his delicate colours in “The Graham Children”.
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Children in Britain go to school at the age of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) until they are 16. Before school many children attend nursery schools. Some parents send their children to private (fee-paying) nursery schools or kindergartens. Children first attend the infants’ school until they are 7 years old. At 7 they move to the junior school and at 11 (12 in Scotland) children go from junior to secondary school.
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When do children in Britain go to school?
Children in Britain go to school at the age of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) until they are 16. Before school many children attend nursery schools. Some parents send their children to private (fee-paying) nursery schools or kindergartens. Children first attend the infants’ school until they are 7 years old. At 7 they move to the junior school and at 11 (12 in Scotland) children go from junior to secondary school.
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When do children in Britain go to school?
at the age of 4
at the age of 7
at the age of 11
at the age of 5
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Over 85% of secondary school pupils attend comprehensive schools. These schools take children of all abilities and give secondary education for children from the age of 11 to 16 or 18. Grammar schools give academic education for the children from 11 to 18 -years old. Children enter grammar schools on the basis of their abilities, first passing the eleven-plus examination. A small minority of children attends secondary modern schools, which give a more general and technical education for children aged 11 - 16.
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What do comprehensive schools give for the children?
Over 85% of secondary school pupils attend comprehensive schools. These schools take children of all abilities and give secondary education for children from the age of 11 to 16 or 18. Grammar schools give academic education for the children from 11 to 18 -years old. Children enter grammar schools on the basis of their abilities, first passing the eleven-plus examination. A small minority of children attends secondary modern schools, which give a more general and technical education for children aged 11 - 16.
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What do comprehensive schools give for the children?
They give academic education.
They give technical education.
There give general education.
They give children all abilities.
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City Technology Colleges (CTCs) give boys and girls strong technological and business education. They are non-fee-paying independent schools, set up by the Government with the help of business sponsors who finance the schools. There are now 15 such colleges in England and Wales.
Specialist schools, which only operate in England, give pupils a broad secondary education in technology, languages, arts or sports. There are over 250 specialist schools. They charge no fees.
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Why are City Technology Colleges called independent schools?
City Technology Colleges (CTCs) give boys and girls strong technological and business education. They are non-fee-paying independent schools, set up by the Government with the help of business sponsors who finance the schools. There are now 15 such colleges in England and Wales.
Specialist schools, which only operate in England, give pupils a broad secondary education in technology, languages, arts or sports. There are over 250 specialist schools. They charge no fees.
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Why are City Technology Colleges called independent schools?
Because they operate in the USA.
Because they give boys and girls only business education.
Because sponsors finance the schools.
Because they are set up by the Government with the help of business sponsors.
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All universities admit men and women, but in some universities there are colleges specially for one sex. Most of the universities provide hostels for their students. There are many types of colleges in England. There are colleges within universities. There are teachers’ training colleges. There are also technical colleges of various types, colleges of arts and commerce. Colleges give a specialized training. Those who wish to become teachers spend three years at a teachers’ training college. They study various subjects and learn how to teach, and after that they have practice teaching at schools.
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What are the types of colleges in England?
All universities admit men and women, but in some universities there are colleges specially for one sex. Most of the universities provide hostels for their students. There are many types of colleges in England. There are colleges within universities. There are teachers’ training colleges. There are also technical colleges of various types, colleges of arts and commerce. Colleges give a specialized training. Those who wish to become teachers spend three years at a teachers’ training college. They study various subjects and learn how to teach, and after that they have practice teaching at schools.
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What are the types of colleges in England?
There are teachers’ training colleges.
There are colleges which give a specialized training.
There are only technical colleges.
They are teachers’ training colleges, technical colleges, colleges of arts and commerce.
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The Smithsonian Institution is a large group of different museums, scientific building and collections in Washington, D.C., established in 1846 using money left by James Smithson, an English scientist. The Institution holds some 139 million exhibits “for the increase and diffusion of knowledge”. Nine Smithsonian museums are located between the Washington Monument and the Capitol. A three-level underground building that opened in 1987 houses two museums and the S. Dillon Ripley Center, which includes the International Gallery, offices and classrooms. Five other museums and the Zoo are elsewhere in Washington, and both the Cooper-Hewitt National Museum of Design and the new National Museum of the American Indian are in New York City.
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How many Smithsonian museums are located in Washington?
The Smithsonian Institution is a large group of different museums, scientific building and collections in Washington, D.C., established in 1846 using money left by James Smithson, an English scientist. The Institution holds some 139 million exhibits “for the increase and diffusion of knowledge”. Nine Smithsonian museums are located between the Washington Monument and the Capitol. A three-level underground building that opened in 1987 houses two museums and the S. Dillon Ripley Center, which includes the International Gallery, offices and classrooms. Five other museums and the Zoo are elsewhere in Washington, and both the Cooper-Hewitt National Museum of Design and the new National Museum of the American Indian are in New York City.
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How many Smithsonian museums are located in Washington?
two
only one
five
sixteen
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The Smithsonian Institution includes Freer Gallery of Art, National Air and Space Museum, National Museum of African Art, National Museum of American Art, National Museum of American History, National Museum of Natural History, National Portrait Gallery, National Postal Museum, National Zoological Park and some other museums and collections.
Admission is free, unless otherwise noted.
The museums are open daily, except December 25, from 10 a. m. to 5:30 p. m., unless otherwise noted.
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Are the museums open every day?
The Smithsonian Institution includes Freer Gallery of Art, National Air and Space Museum, National Museum of African Art, National Museum of American Art, National Museum of American History, National Museum of Natural History, National Portrait Gallery, National Postal Museum, National Zoological Park and some other museums and collections.
Admission is free, unless otherwise noted.
The museums are open daily, except December 25, from 10 a. m. to 5:30 p. m., unless otherwise noted.
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Are the museums open every day?
Yes, the museums are open daily.
Yes, the museums are open daily, except December 25 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
No, the museums are open every day, except December 25.
No, the museums are open every day unless otherwise noted.
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Scotland has a number of universities established long ago. By the end of the Middle Ages Scotland had four universities at Edinburgh (founded 1583), Glasgow (founded 1450), Aberdeen (founded 1494) and St Andrew’s (founded 1411).
The University of Wales was founded in 1893. It consists of six colleges. The oldest university is St. David’s University College in Lampeter, founded in 1822.
Queen’s University in Belfast, Northern Ireland, was founded in 1845 as part of the Queen’s University of Ireland which had other colleges at Cork and Galway.
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Are Scottish Universities or the Universities of Wales older?
Scotland has a number of universities established long ago. By the end of the Middle Ages Scotland had four universities at Edinburgh (founded 1583), Glasgow (founded 1450), Aberdeen (founded 1494) and St Andrew’s (founded 1411).
The University of Wales was founded in 1893. It consists of six colleges. The oldest university is St. David’s University College in Lampeter, founded in 1822.
Queen’s University in Belfast, Northern Ireland, was founded in 1845 as part of the Queen’s University of Ireland which had other colleges at Cork and Galway.
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Are Scottish Universities or the Universities of Wales older?
The Universities of Wales are older than the Universities of Scotland.
Both Scottish Universities and the Universities of Wales are old.
Both Scottish Universities and the Universities of Wales are new.
The Universities of Scotland are the oldest.
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William Turner, a great romantic English landscape painter, was born in Devonshire in 1775. He lived with his uncle in Middlesex, where he began to attend school. His first drawings are dated 1787, when he was only twelve years of age. His childish cketch-books, filled with drawings, are still preserved in the British Museum.
When he was 21, he began to exhibit oil paintings as well as water-colours at the Royal Academy. The first, «Fishermen at Sea» is now in the Gate Gallery.
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Did William Turner paint oil colour paintings and water colour paintings?
William Turner, a great romantic English landscape painter, was born in Devonshire in 1775. He lived with his uncle in Middlesex, where he began to attend school. His first drawings are dated 1787, when he was only twelve years of age. His childish cketch-books, filled with drawings, are still preserved in the British Museum.
When he was 21, he began to exhibit oil paintings as well as water-colours at the Royal Academy. The first, «Fishermen at Sea» is now in the Gate Gallery.
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Did William Turner paint oil colour paintings and water colour paintings?
No, William Turner drew only water-colours.
No, William Turner drew only oil paintings.
No, William Turner drew only landscapes.
Yes, William Turner drew oil paintings as well as water colour paintings.
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Moscow is replete with art galleries and museums. Yet there is one gallery that remains a symbol of Russian art. It is the world-famous Tretyakov Gallery.
The founder of the gallery was the entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832—1898), who was from the merchant class. Beginning in 1856, Tretyakov had a hobby of collecting works by the Russian artists of his time. He was a famous patron of the arts who helped to support the "peredvizhniki" (a movement consisting of realistic painters in the second half of the 19th century). Toward this goal, he intended to purchase a collection from a St. Petersburg collector, Fyodor Pryanishnikov, and, having added his own collection, created a museum. The government bought Pryanishnikov’s gallery in 1867, but Tretyakov gradually acquired an excellent collection, exceeding all other collections in Russia in its volume and quality.
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What paintings did Tretyakov collect in his gallery?
Moscow is replete with art galleries and museums. Yet there is one gallery that remains a symbol of Russian art. It is the world-famous Tretyakov Gallery.
The founder of the gallery was the entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832—1898), who was from the merchant class. Beginning in 1856, Tretyakov had a hobby of collecting works by the Russian artists of his time. He was a famous patron of the arts who helped to support the "peredvizhniki" (a movement consisting of realistic painters in the second half of the 19th century). Toward this goal, he intended to purchase a collection from a St. Petersburg collector, Fyodor Pryanishnikov, and, having added his own collection, created a museum. The government bought Pryanishnikov’s gallery in 1867, but Tretyakov gradually acquired an excellent collection, exceeding all other collections in Russia in its volume and quality.
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What paintings did Tretyakov collect in his gallery?
He exhibited his own paintings.
He collected paintings by the Russian and foreign artists.
He collected paintings only by Fyodor Pryanishnikov.
He collected paintings by the Russian artists of his time.
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Nine million children attend 35,000 schools in Britain. Education is compulsory from 5 till 16 years. Parents can choose to send their children to a nursery school or a pre-school playgroup to prepare them for the start of compulsory education. Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11. Most children are taught together, boys and girls in the same class. At 11 most pupils go to secondary schools called comprehensives which accept a wide range of children from all backgrounds and religious and ethnic groups. Ninety per cent of secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales are co-educational.
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Are there only boys in class in Britain’s schools?
Nine million children attend 35,000 schools in Britain. Education is compulsory from 5 till 16 years. Parents can choose to send their children to a nursery school or a pre-school playgroup to prepare them for the start of compulsory education. Children start primary school at 5 and continue until they are 11. Most children are taught together, boys and girls in the same class. At 11 most pupils go to secondary schools called comprehensives which accept a wide range of children from all backgrounds and religious and ethnic groups. Ninety per cent of secondary schools in England, Scotland and Wales are co-educational.
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Are there only boys in class in Britain’s schools?
Yes, there are only boys of all ages in class at Britain’s schools.
No, there are only girls in class at Britain’s schools.
Yes, there are only boys in class at schools.
No, there are boys and girls in the same class.
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At 16 pupils take a national exam called "GCSE" (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and then they can leave school if they wish. This is the end of compulsory education.
Some 16-year-olds continue their studies in the sixth form at school or at a sixth form college. The sixth form prepares pupils for a national exam called "A" level (advanced level) at 18. You need "A" level to enter a university. Other 16-year-olds choose to go to a college of further education to study for more practical (vocational) diplomas relating to the world of work, such as hairdressing, typing or mechanics.
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Why do you need advanced level exam?
At 16 pupils take a national exam called "GCSE" (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and then they can leave school if they wish. This is the end of compulsory education.
Some 16-year-olds continue their studies in the sixth form at school or at a sixth form college. The sixth form prepares pupils for a national exam called "A" level (advanced level) at 18. You need "A" level to enter a university. Other 16-year-olds choose to go to a college of further education to study for more practical (vocational) diplomas relating to the world of work, such as hairdressing, typing or mechanics.
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Why do you need advanced level exam?
You need this exam to continue your education at school.
You need this exam to go to work.
You need this exam to continue your education at college.
You need this exam to enter a university.
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Seven per cent of British schoolchildren go to private schools called independent schools. There are 2,400 independent schools and they have been growing in number and popularity since the mid-1980s.
Parents pay for these schools, and fees vary from about 250 pounds a term for a private nursery to 3,000 pounds a term or more for a secondary boarding school. Most independent schools are called prep (preparatory) schools because they prepare the children for the Common Entrance Exam which they take at the age of 11. This exam is for entry into the best schools.
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Why do you need the Common Entrance Exam?
Seven per cent of British schoolchildren go to private schools called independent schools. There are 2,400 independent schools and they have been growing in number and popularity since the mid-1980s.
Parents pay for these schools, and fees vary from about 250 pounds a term for a private nursery to 3,000 pounds a term or more for a secondary boarding school. Most independent schools are called prep (preparatory) schools because they prepare the children for the Common Entrance Exam which they take at the age of 11. This exam is for entry into the best schools.
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Why do you need the Common Entrance Exam?
You need this exam to continue your education at school.
You need this exam for preparing you for your future work.
You need this exam to enter a university.
You need this exam for entry into the best schools.
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The most famous schools are called "public schools" and they have a long history and traditions. It is often necessary to put your child’s name on a waiting list at birth to be sure he or she gets a place. Children of wealthy or aristocratic families often go to the same public school as their parents and their grandparents. Eton is the best known of these schools.
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How do you get into public schools?
The most famous schools are called "public schools" and they have a long history and traditions. It is often necessary to put your child’s name on a waiting list at birth to be sure he or she gets a place. Children of wealthy or aristocratic families often go to the same public school as their parents and their grandparents. Eton is the best known of these schools.
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How do you get into public schools?
It is necessary to be very healthy.
It is necessary to be very rich.
It is necessary to be very clever.
It is necessary to put your child’s name in a waiting list at birth.
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In England and Wales compulsory school begins at the age of five, but before that age children can go to a nursery school, also called play school. School is compulsory till the children are 16 years old.
In Primary School and First School children learn to read and write and the basis of arithmetic. In the higher classes of Primary School (or in Middle School) children learn geography, history, religion and, in some schools, a foreign language. Then children go to the Secondary School.
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When can you study in compulsory school?
In England and Wales compulsory school begins at the age of five, but before that age children can go to a nursery school, also called play school. School is compulsory till the children are 16 years old.
In Primary School and First School children learn to read and write and the basis of arithmetic. In the higher classes of Primary School (or in Middle School) children learn geography, history, religion and, in some schools, a foreign language. Then children go to the Secondary School.
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When can you study in compulsory school?
When you are teenager.
When you are before five years.
When you want to go this school.
When you are from five till sixteen years old.
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When students are 16 years old they may take an exam in various subjects in order to have a qualification. These qualifications can be either G. С. S. E. (General Certificate of Secondary Education) or «0 level» (Ordinary level). After that students can either leave school and start working or continue their studies in the same school as before. If they continue, when they are 18, they have to take further examinations which are necessary for getting into university or college.
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Why do the students have to take further exams after G. C. S. E. or «0 level»?
When students are 16 years old they may take an exam in various subjects in order to have a qualification. These qualifications can be either G. С. S. E. (General Certificate of Secondary Education) or «0 level» (Ordinary level). After that students can either leave school and start working or continue their studies in the same school as before. If they continue, when they are 18, they have to take further examinations which are necessary for getting into university or college.
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Why do the students have to take further exams after G. C. S. E. or «0 level»?
They are necessary for continuing studies at school.
They are necessary for starting to work.
They are necessary for personal purpose.
They are necessary for entering a university or a college.
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In Great Britain school begins at the age of five. At the age of sixteen the children usually leave school. So they spend eleven years there.
There are primary and secondary schools in England. When children are five, they go to primary schools. First they attend infant schools or infant classes. They spend two years there till they are seven.
Their classes are usually informal: they learn to read, count and write through different games. They sing songs, dance, look at pictures in interesting books, draw, learn to get on with their classmates. So their lessons are easy, not difficult.
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Why are classes in infant schools informal?
In Great Britain school begins at the age of five. At the age of sixteen the children usually leave school. So they spend eleven years there.
There are primary and secondary schools in England. When children are five, they go to primary schools. First they attend infant schools or infant classes. They spend two years there till they are seven.
Their classes are usually informal: they learn to read, count and write through different games. They sing songs, dance, look at pictures in interesting books, draw, learn to get on with their classmates. So their lessons are easy, not difficult.
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Why are classes in infant schools informal?
Because children only play during classes.
Because children go to infant schools during two years.
Because children don’t have lessons.
Because children only learn to read, count, write through different games, sing songs, dance, draw, learn to get on with their classmates.
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At the age of seven the children go to junior schools and stay there till they are eleven. Real school begins. The lessons are more formal. There are different subjects on the timetable. Children study English, Maths, History, Nature Study, Geography, Art, Music, Physical Education (PE), Handicraft and Religion.
By the way, English children go to school five days a week. On Saturday and Sunday they have their days off. Classes usually begin at nine and are over at 4 o’clock. Children have lunch at school. In many primary schools pupils don’t wear uniforms. But some schools have special uniforms. School year starts in September and is over in summer, in July.
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How much time are children at school on their classes?
At the age of seven the children go to junior schools and stay there till they are eleven. Real school begins. The lessons are more formal. There are different subjects on the timetable. Children study English, Maths, History, Nature Study, Geography, Art, Music, Physical Education (PE), Handicraft and Religion.
By the way, English children go to school five days a week. On Saturday and Sunday they have their days off. Classes usually begin at nine and are over at 4 o’clock. Children have lunch at school. In many primary schools pupils don’t wear uniforms. But some schools have special uniforms. School year starts in September and is over in summer, in July.
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How much time are children at school on their classes?
They are some hours there.
They are 6 hours there.
They are 4 hours there.
They are from nine till four o’clock there.
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There are a lot of institutions of higher education in our country. The Linguistic University, previously known as Maurice Thorez Institute of Foreign Languages, Pedagogic University, People’s Friendship University of Russia are well - known not only in Russia but also abroad.
There are a lot of institutions of higher education in our country. The Linguistic University, previously known as Maurice Thorez Institute of Foreign Languages, Pedagogic University, People’s Friendship University of Russia are well - known not only in Russia but also abroad.
знаком
знать
знающий
известен
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When Moscow University was founded there were three faculties – philosophy, law and medicine there. Today there are 24 faculties there. Professors were invited from all European countries. The instructions were given in Russian and in Latin. Young people from all estates could be enrolled as students. Moscow University was the centre of advanced Russian science and social thought.
When Moscow University was founded there were three faculties – philosophy, law and medicine there. Today there are 24 faculties there. Professors were invited from all European countries. The instructions were given in Russian and in Latin. Young people from all estates could be enrolled as students. Moscow University was the centre of advanced Russian science and social thought.
приглашаются
приглашать
пригласят
были приглашены
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Independent and preparatory schools are private schools too. They prepare pupils for public schools for money. The teachers of the private schools pay personal attention to each pupil. It is possible to enter the best English universities after leaving public schools. After finishing grammar school pupils have good knowledge and may continue to study in colleges or universities.
Independent and preparatory schools are private schools too. They prepare pupils for public schools for money. The teachers of the private schools pay personal attention to each pupil. It is possible to enter the best English universities after leaving public schools. After finishing grammar school pupils have good knowledge and may continue to study in colleges or universities.
продолжение
продолжалось
продолженное
продолжить
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There are no distinctions between different types of universities in Britain. But still there are some categories of them. First of all, Oxbridge, Oxford and Cambridge were founded in the medieval period. These universities consist of semi-independent colleges, each of them having its own staff (“Fellows”). The “Fellows” teach the college students either one-to-one or in very small group.
There are no distinctions between different types of universities in Britain. But still there are some categories of them. First of all, Oxbridge, Oxford and Cambridge were founded in the medieval period. These universities consist of semi-independent colleges, each of them having its own staff (“Fellows”). The “Fellows” teach the college students either one-to-one or in very small group.
только одного
один
одиночно
один на один
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Universities take the better students, that’s why nearly all the students complete their studies. The normal course of study lasts 3-4 years. Students are not supposed to take a job during the term. Unless their parents are rich, they receive a state grant, which covers most of their expenses, including the cost of living.
Universities take the better students, that’s why nearly all the students complete their studies. The normal course of study lasts 3-4 years. Students are not supposed to take a job during the term. Unless their parents are rich, they receive a state grant, which covers most of their expenses, including the cost of living.
посылать государственный грант
получать заработную плату
получать штатный грант
получать государственный грант
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By 1600 Scotland had 4 universities – Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and St Andrews. St Andrews resembles Oxbridge very much. In the other three most of the students live at home or find their rooms in town. The process of study at these universities is very closed to the continental one.
By 1600 Scotland had 4 universities – Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and St Andrews. St Andrews resembles Oxbridge very much. In the other three most of the students live at home or find their rooms in town. The process of study at these universities is very closed to the continental one.
тесный
конец
душный
близок
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At college the student will eventually specialize in one area of study such as Mathematics, Science, History, Literature, Theology, Computer or a Foreign Language. At the end of four years of studying he or she will earn a Bachelor degree. The student who wants to continue his (her) education after college may work to earn a Master’s or doctoral degree.
At college the student will eventually specialize in one area of study such as Mathematics, Science, History, Literature, Theology, Computer or a Foreign Language. At the end of four years of studying he or she will earn a Bachelor degree. The student who wants to continue his (her) education after college may work to earn a Master’s or doctoral degree.
специализировался
специализация
специализируется
будет специализироваться
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The Moscow State University is the oldest university in Russia. It was founded in 1755 by the great Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov. According to the results of national and international surveys the M. Lomonosov State University is number one in Russia and among top ten in the world. The university has a rich library. It is the third largest among public libraries of Russia.
The Moscow State University is the oldest university in Russia. It was founded in 1755 by the great Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov. According to the results of national and international surveys the M. Lomonosov State University is number one in Russia and among top ten in the world. The university has a rich library. It is the third largest among public libraries of Russia.
с согласия
согласованно
согласный
согласно
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During the 19th century various institutions of higher education were founded in the industrial towns and cities such as Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds. Their buildings were of local brick, so they got the name “redbrick” universities. They contrasted chiefly with Oxford and Cambridge. At first they prepared students for London University degrees, but later they were given the right to award their own degrees.
During the 19th century various institutions of higher education were founded in the industrial towns and cities such as Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds. Their buildings were of local brick, so they got the name “redbrick” universities. They contrasted chiefly with Oxford and Cambridge. At first they prepared students for London University degrees, but later they were given the right to award their own degrees.
высокообразованный
высокое воспитание
высокое образование
высшее образование
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Universities usually select students on the basis of A-level results and an interview (students who wish to enter Oxford and Cambridge have to take certain exams). Those who have better A-level results are usually accepted. Higher education has become more available in the second half of the 20th century.
Universities usually select students on the basis of A-level results and an interview (students who wish to enter Oxford and Cambridge have to take certain exams). Those who have better A-level results are usually accepted. Higher education has become more available in the second half of the 20th century.
станет
установится
становиться
стало
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One of the most striking features of English life is the self-discipline and courtesy of people of all classes. There is little noisy behaviour, and practically no loud disputing in the street. People do not rush excitedly for seats in buses or trains, but take their seats in queues at bus stops in a quiet and orderly manner.
Englishmen are naturally polite and are never tired in saying "Thank you", "I’m sorry", "Beg your pardon". If you follow anyone who is entering a building or a room, he will hold a door open for you. Many foreigners have commented on a remarkable politeness of the English people.
One of the most striking features of English life is the self-discipline and courtesy of people of all classes. There is little noisy behaviour, and practically no loud disputing in the street. People do not rush excitedly for seats in buses or trains, but take their seats in queues at bus stops in a quiet and orderly manner.
Englishmen are naturally polite and are never tired in saying "Thank you", "I’m sorry", "Beg your pardon". If you follow anyone who is entering a building or a room, he will hold a door open for you. Many foreigners have commented on a remarkable politeness of the English people.
поражающие черты лица
поражающие признаки
ударяющие особенности
поражающие особенности
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English people don't like displaying their emotions even in dangerous and tragic situations, and ordinary people seem to remain good-tempered and cheerful under difficulties.
The Englishman does not like any boasting or showing off in manners, dress or speech. Sometimes he conceals his knowledge: a linguist, for example, may not mention his understanding of a foreigner’s language.
English people don't like displaying their emotions even in dangerous and tragic situations, and ordinary people seem to remain good-tempered and cheerful under difficulties.
The Englishman does not like any boasting or showing off in manners, dress or speech. Sometimes he conceals his knowledge: a linguist, for example, may not mention his understanding of a foreigner’s language.
порядочные люди
обычные ученики
орденоносные люди
обычные люди
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The Englishman prefers his own house to an apartment in a block of flats, because he doesn't wish his doing to be overlooked by his neighbours. "An Englishman's house is his castle".
Many Englishmen help their wives at home in many ways. They clean the windows on Saturday afternoon, and they often wash up the dishes after supper in the evening.
The Englishman prefers his own house to an apartment in a block of flats, because he doesn't wish his doing to be overlooked by his neighbours. "An Englishman's house is his castle".
Many Englishmen help their wives at home in many ways. They clean the windows on Saturday afternoon, and they often wash up the dishes after supper in the evening.
видеть кого-то
смотреть сквозь пальцы на кого-то
простить кого-то
быть замеченными кем-то
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Sunday is a very quiet day in London. All the shops are closed, and so are the theatres and most of the cinemas.
Londoners like to get out of town on Sundays. The sea is not far - only fifty or sixty miles away and people like to go down to the sea in summer or somewhere to the country for skiing in winter.
Sunday is a very quiet day in London. All the shops are closed, and so are the theatres and most of the cinemas.
Londoners like to get out of town on Sundays. The sea is not far - only fifty or sixty miles away and people like to go down to the sea in summer or somewhere to the country for skiing in winter.
доехать до города
приехать в город
уживаться в городе
выбираться из города
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American society seems to be much more informal than the British and, in some ways, is characterized by less social distinction. Students do not rise when a teacher enters the room. One does not always address a person by his title, such as “Major” or “General” or “Doctor”. The respectful “Sir” is not always used in the northern and western parts of the country.
However, it is best to use a person’s title when first meeting him/her, and then allow the person to tell you how he/she wishes to be called.
American society seems to be much more informal than the British and, in some ways, is characterized by less social distinction. Students do not rise when a teacher enters the room. One does not always address a person by his title, such as “Major” or “General” or “Doctor”. The respectful “Sir” is not always used in the northern and western parts of the country.
However, it is best to use a person’s title when first meeting him/her, and then allow the person to tell you how he/she wishes to be called.
общественный знак отличия
общественная ясность
социальный знак отличия
социальное отличие
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Americans use first names when calling each other, slap on the back, joke and are much freer in their speech, which is more slangy than the conventional British English. You will often hear the word “Hi” (a form of greeting among friends) used instead of the usual “Hello”, and “Howdy” instead of “How do you do?”
Americans use first names when calling each other, slap on the back, joke and are much freer in their speech, which is more slangy than the conventional British English. You will often hear the word “Hi” (a form of greeting among friends) used instead of the usual “Hello”, and “Howdy” instead of “How do you do?”
формальность при приветствии
форма прощания
форма поклона
форма приветствия
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Yet, in spite of all the informality, Americans, even in the way they address each other, show consciousness of social distinction. For example, one is likely to use somewhat more formal language when talking to superiors. While the informal “Hello” is an acceptable greeting from employee to employer, the employee will say “Hello, Mr. Ferguson”, and the employer may reply “Hello, Jim”.
Yet, in spite of all the informality, Americans, even in the way they address each other, show consciousness of social distinction. For example, one is likely to use somewhat more formal language when talking to superiors. While the informal “Hello” is an acceptable greeting from employee to employer, the employee will say “Hello, Mr. Ferguson”, and the employer may reply “Hello, Jim”.
хозяин
работодатель
предприниматель
служащий
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It is important to know how to introduce people correctly. Remember the following:
- men are introduced to women;
- young people - to old people;
- married people - to single people;
- people in lower position to people in higher position.
Usually people shake hands when they are introduced to each other. But some women don't do it. If you are introduced to a woman wait and see whether she will hold out a hand for a handshake. If no, just greet her.
It is important to know how to introduce people correctly. Remember the following:
- men are introduced to women;
- young people - to old people;
- married people - to single people;
- people in lower position to people in higher position.
Usually people shake hands when they are introduced to each other. But some women don't do it. If you are introduced to a woman wait and see whether she will hold out a hand for a handshake. If no, just greet her.
трясти руки
встряска рук
встряхивать руки
обмениваться рукопожатием
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Why do so many new ideas come from California? It must be something in the air. New lifestyles, new kinds of medicine, new religions, new house styles - so many new things come from California.
Let’s talk about bungalows, for example. A bungalow is a simple house of one storey with a yard around it. Bungalows first became popular in southern California around 1900. Thousands of them were built very quickly. The style travelled all over the U.S., and for a long time all bungalows were called "California bungalows".
Why do so many new ideas come from California? It must be something in the air. New lifestyles, new kinds of medicine, new religions, new house styles - so many new things come from California.
Let’s talk about bungalows, for example. A bungalow is a simple house of one storey with a yard around it. Bungalows first became popular in southern California around 1900. Thousands of them were built very quickly. The style travelled all over the U.S., and for a long time all bungalows were called "California bungalows".
новый стиль
новости жизни
новая жизнь
новый образ жизни
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Santa Barbara, a favourite Californian vacation town, is famous for its Spanish architecture. The story began in 1925. A big earthquake destroyed many of the buildings. After this disaster, a woman called Pearl Chase worked hard to bring in new laws. All the buildings in Santa Barbara, she said, must be in the Spanish style, with white walls and red roofs. People agreed with her, and Santa Barbara today is one of the prettiest towns in the United States.
Santa Barbara, a favourite Californian vacation town, is famous for its Spanish architecture. The story began in 1925. A big earthquake destroyed many of the buildings. After this disaster, a woman called Pearl Chase worked hard to bring in new laws. All the buildings in Santa Barbara, she said, must be in the Spanish style, with white walls and red roofs. People agreed with her, and Santa Barbara today is one of the prettiest towns in the United States.
архитектор в испанском стиле
испанский архитектор
стиль архитектуры
испанская архитектура
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Californians love the sun, and their houses show it. The old ranch houses of California copied the mission style. In the centre of the house was an open place, or "patio", with buildings on two or three sides. Californians liked the patio. They liked to live half inside and half outside. New houses today often have patios. People work, cook, sunbathe and talk to their friends on the patio. New modern houses all over the United States have copied the idea of the Californian patio. Some Californian ideas are not so easy to copy. Go up in an airplane, and look down at Los Angeles or San Diego. What are all those blue things next to the houses? That’s right. They’re swimming pools. Not many people outside California can pay for their own swimming pool in their own backyard.
Californians love the sun, and their houses show it. The old ranch houses of California copied the mission style. In the centre of the house was an open place, or "patio", with buildings on two or three sides. Californians liked the patio. They liked to live half inside and half outside. New houses today often have patios. People work, cook, sunbathe and talk to their friends on the patio. New modern houses all over the United States have copied the idea of the Californian patio. Some Californian ideas are not so easy to copy. Go up in an airplane, and look down at Los Angeles or San Diego. What are all those blue things next to the houses? That’s right. They’re swimming pools. Not many people outside California can pay for their own swimming pool in their own backyard.
стайлинг миссионера
стиль миссионера
миссия миссионера
миссионерский стиль
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American homes are some of the biggest and best in the world. Many have a garage for one or two cars, a big modern kitchen, a living room, and a playroom for the children.
Some families have two homes. They have one house or apartment in the city or suburbs. They live and work there. But they have another home near the sea or in the mountains. They go to their second home on weekends and for vacations.
American homes are some of the biggest and best in the world. Many have a garage for one or two cars, a big modern kitchen, a living room, and a playroom for the children.
Some families have two homes. They have one house or apartment in the city or suburbs. They live and work there. But they have another home near the sea or in the mountains. They go to their second home on weekends and for vacations.
немного большие
один из самых больших
несколько больших
одни из самых больших
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Seventy percent of Americans buy the house they live in. They are lucky. But thirty percent cannot buy a house or an apartment. Some of them rent their home from a landlord. Some landlords are good, but some are not. Windows break, or roofs get old, and the landlord does not always help.
The poorest people live in "public housing" apartments. These apartments are not like rich American homes. People do not like to live in public housing projects. They are afraid of thieves and drug sellers.
Seventy percent of Americans buy the house they live in. They are lucky. But thirty percent cannot buy a house or an apartment. Some of them rent their home from a landlord. Some landlords are good, but some are not. Windows break, or roofs get old, and the landlord does not always help.
The poorest people live in "public housing" apartments. These apartments are not like rich American homes. People do not like to live in public housing projects. They are afraid of thieves and drug sellers.
рента за дом
снимать дом у лорда
кредит за дом хозяина
снимать дом у хозяина
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Americans who live in towns and cities move often. A family stays in one house for four or five years, and then they move again. Some people move because they have found a new job. Other people move because they want a bigger or a smaller home. In American suburbs, families come and go all the time.
Americans are always trying to make their homes better. They take a lot of time to buy furniture and make their homes beautiful. They buy books and magazines about houses and furniture. They work hard on their homes in the evenings and on weekends.
Americans who live in towns and cities move often. A family stays in one house for four or five years, and then they move again. Some people move because they have found a new job. Other people move because they want a bigger or a smaller home. In American suburbs, families come and go all the time.
Americans are always trying to make their homes better. They take a lot of time to buy furniture and make their homes beautiful. They buy books and magazines about houses and furniture. They work hard on their homes in the evenings and on weekends.
они выбирают время
они берут время
они дают на время
им требуется много времени